安装
pip install retrying
官方网址：
https://github.com/rholder/retrying
API 介绍
def __init__(self, stop=None, wait=None, stop_max_attempt_number=None, stop_max_delay=None, wait_fixed=None, wait_random_min=None, wait_random_max=None, wait_incrementing_start=None, wait_incrementing_increment=None, wait_exponential_multiplier=None, wait_exponential_max=None, retry_on_exception=None, retry_on_result=None, wrap_exception=False, stop_func=None, wait_func=None, wait_jitter_max=None )
stop_max_attempt_number：用来设定最大的尝试次数，超过该次数就停止重试
stop_max_delay：比如设置成10000，那么从被装饰的函数开始执行的时间点开始，到函数成功运行结束或者失败报错中止的时间点，只要这段时间超过10秒，函数就不会再执行了
wait_fixed：设置在两次retrying之间的停留时间
wait_random_min和wait_random_max：用随机的方式产生两次retrying之间的停留时间
wait_exponential_multiplier和wait_exponential_max：以指数的形式产生两次retrying之间的停留时间，产生的值为2^previous_attempt_number * wait_exponential_multiplier，previous_attempt_number是前面已经retry的次数，如果产生的这个值超过了wait_exponential_max的大小，那么之后两个retrying之间的停留值都为wait_exponential_max
我们可以指定要在出现哪些异常的时候再去retry，这个要用retry_on_exception传入一个函数对象
列子
1. @retry装饰器，如出现异常会一直重试
@retry def never_give_up_never_surrender(): print "Retry forever ignoring Exceptions, don't wait between retries"
2. stop_max_attempt_number 设置最大重试次数
@retry(stop_max_attempt_number=7) def stop_after_7_attempts(): print "Stopping after 7 attempts" raise
3. stop_max_delay 设置失败重试的最大时间,单位毫秒，超出时间，则停止重试
@retry(stop_max_delay=10000) def stop_after_10_s(): print "Stopping after 10 seconds" raise
4. wait_fixed 设置失败重试的间隔时间
@retry(wait_fixed=2000, stop_max_delay=10000) def wait_2_s(): print "Wait 2 second between retries" raise
5. wait_random_min,wait_random_max 设置失败重试随机性间隔时间
@retry(wait_random_min=1000, wait_random_max=5000, stop_max_delay=10000) def wait_random_1_to_5_s(): print "Randomly wait 1 to 5 seconds between retries" raise
6. wait_exponential_multiplier-间隔时间倍数增加，wait_exponential_max-最大间隔时间
import time @retry(wait_exponential_multiplier=1000, wait_exponential_max=10000) def wait_exponential_1000(): print "Wait 2^x * 1000 milliseconds between each retry, up to 10 seconds, then 10 seconds afterwards" print int(time.time()) raise 输出： Wait 2^x * 1000 milliseconds between each retry, then 10 seconds afterwards 1504110314 Wait 2^x * 1000 milliseconds between each retry, then 10 seconds afterwards 1504110316 Wait 2^x * 1000 milliseconds between each retry, then 10 seconds afterwards 1504110320 Wait 2^x * 1000 milliseconds between each retry, then 10 seconds afterwards 1504110328 Wait 2^x * 1000 milliseconds between each retry, then 10 seconds afterwards 1504110338 Wait 2^x * 1000 milliseconds between each retry, then 10 seconds afterwards 1504110348
7. retry_on_exception指定异常类型，指定的异常类型会重试，不指定的类型，会直接异常退出，wrap_exception参数设置为True，则其他类型异常，或包裹在RetryError中，会看到RetryError和程序抛的Exception error
def retry_if_io_error(exception):
"""Return True if we should retry (in this case when it's an IOError), False otherwise"""
return isinstance(exception, IOError)
@retry(retry_on_exception=retry_if_io_error)
def might_io_error():
print "Retry forever with no wait if an IOError occurs, raise any other errors"
raise Exception('a')
@retry(retry_on_exception=retry_if_io_error, wrap_exception=True)
def only_raise_retry_error_when_not_io_error():
print "Retry forever with no wait if an IOError occurs, raise any other errors wrapped in RetryError"
raise Exception('a')
8. retry_on_result,指定要在得到哪些结果的时候去retry，retry_on_result传入一个函数对象,在执行get_result成功后，会将函数的返回值通过形参result的形式传入retry_if_result_none函数中，如果返回值是None那么就进行retry，否则就结束并返回函数值
def retry_if_result_none(result): return result is None @retry(retry_on_result=retry_if_result_none) def get_result(): print 'Retry forever ignoring Exceptions with no wait if return value is None' return None
原文：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000004085023