Django里面,我们知道可以在函数里面里面通过参数获取前端发来的数据。
比如可以通过request获取各种form的值啊,cookie啊等等。
def index(reqeust): # 获取当前已经登录的用户 v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111') return render(reqeust,'index.html',{'current_user': v})
这些方法是Django把一些常用的数据已经替我们封装好了,因此可以直接使用。但是这些方法并不全,比如我刷新一个页面,这个请求的头文件里面,包含了一堆关于客户端的信息,如何获取所有的信息呢?
我们可以通过request.environ来获取
首先需要导入一个类,如果忘记了这个类的名字,可以直接print(type(request))来获取。
<class 'django.core.handlers.wsgi.WsgiRequest'>
environ本质是个字典格式,因此可以直接print(k,v)获取所有的key和value,也可以通过对应的key来输出value
def tpl1(request): from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WsgiRequest print(type(request)) print(request.environ) for k,v in request.environ.items(): print(k,v) print(request.environ['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) user_list = [1,2,3,43] return render(request,'tpl1.html',{'u': user_list})
输出结果:
{'ASL.LOG': 'Destination=file','PYTHONIOENCODING': 'UTF-8','wsgi.run_once': False,'FPS_broWSER_APP_PROFILE_STRING': 'Internet Explorer','REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1','PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 69 Stepping 1,GenuineIntel','TEMP': 'C:\\Users\\yuan.li\\AppData\\Local\\Temp','USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Users\\yuan.li','SERVER_PORT': '8000','WINDIR': 'C:\\WINDOWS','SYstemDRIVE': 'C:','FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO','COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files','USERDNSDOMAIN': 'OMNICOM.COM.AU','HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '1','PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)','USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE': 'OMNICOM','wsgi.url_scheme': 'http','wsgi.input': <_io.BufferedReader name=760>,'APPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\yuan.li\\AppData\\Roaming','TMP': 'C:\\Users\\yuan.li\\AppData\\Local\\Temp','HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip,deflate,br','GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1','PATH_INFO': '/tpl1/','PUBLIC': 'C:\\Users\\Public','HTTP_COOKIE': 'csrftoken=eIEjNdtcpymGD2jGDfEwxb0MwePMQTuLWchxG85P7zH7wHN2BZmERsppA4PHGd6D','PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432': 'AMD64','COmpuTERNAME': 'YLI-PC','wsgi.version': (1,0),'ONEDRIVE': 'C:\\Users\\yuan.li\\OneDrive','CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/plain','PROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files','PYTHONUNBUFFERED': '1','wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>,'RUN_MAIN': 'true','PSMODULEPATH': 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules\\;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\VMware\\Infrastructure\\vSphere PowerCLI\\Modules','wsgi.file_wrapper': <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'>,'HOMEPATH': '\\Users\\yuan.li','COMSPEC': 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\cmd.exe','USERNAME': 'yuan.li','PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.PY;.PYW','SERVER_NAME': 'vmware-localhost','USERDOMAIN': 'OMNICOM','SCRIPT_NAME': '','PYCHARM_HOSTED': '1','QUERY_STRING': '','PROGRAMDATA': 'C:\\ProgramData','NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '4','FPS_broWSER_USER_PROFILE_STRING': 'Default','SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1','HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive','REMOTE_HOST': '','HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'en-GB,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.6','HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL': 'max-age=0','HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8','wsgi.multiprocess': False,'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\ProgramData','SYstemROOT': 'C:\\WINDOWS','SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'WsgiServer/0.2','PROCESSOR_REVISION': '4501','SESSIONNAME': 'Console','HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:8000','CONTENT_LENGTH': '','PATH': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Business Objects\\Common\\3.5\\bin\\NOTES\\;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Business Objects\\Common\\3.5\\bin\\NOTES\\DATA\\;C:\\python35-32\\Scripts\\;C:\\python35-32\\;C:\\ProgramData\\Oracle\\Java\\javapath;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Sennheiser\\SoftphonesDK\\;C:\\python35-32\\Scripts;C:\\Users\\yuan.li\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Nmap;','OS': 'Windows_NT','PYTHONPATH': 'C:\\s14day21','HOMEDRIVE': 'C:','COMMONPROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files','DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE': 's14day21.settings','PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'x86','REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET','LOCALAPPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\yuan.li\\AppData\\Local','PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6','HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36','PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)','logoNSERVER': '\\\\MELDC01','wsgi.multithread': True,'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files'} ASL.LOG Destination=file PYTHONIOENCODING UTF-8 wsgi.run_once False FPS_broWSER_APP_PROFILE_STRING Internet Explorer REMOTE_ADDR 127.0.0.1 PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER Intel64 Family 6 Model 69 Stepping 1,GenuineIntel TEMP C:\Users\yuan.li\AppData\Local\Temp USERPROFILE C:\Users\yuan.li SERVER_PORT 8000 WINDIR C:\WINDOWS SYstemDRIVE C: FP_NO_HOST_CHECK NO COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86) C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files USERDNSDOMAIN OMNICOM.COM.AU HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS 1 PROGRAMFILES C:\Program Files (x86) USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE OMNICOM wsgi.url_scheme http wsgi.input <_io.BufferedReader name=760> APPDATA C:\Users\yuan.li\AppData\Roaming TMP C:\Users\yuan.li\AppData\Local\Temp HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING gzip,br GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1 PATH_INFO /tpl1/ PUBLIC C:\Users\Public HTTP_COOKIE csrftoken=eIEjNdtcpymGD2jGDfEwxb0MwePMQTuLWchxG85P7zH7wHN2BZmERsppA4PHGd6D PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432 AMD64 COmpuTERNAME YLI-PC wsgi.version (1,0) ONEDRIVE C:\Users\yuan.li\OneDrive CONTENT_TYPE text/plain PROGRAMW6432 C:\Program Files PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1 wsgi.errors <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'> RUN_MAIN true PSMODULEPATH C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\;C:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\Infrastructure\vSphere PowerCLI\Modules wsgi.file_wrapper <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'> HOMEPATH \Users\yuan.li COMSPEC C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe USERNAME yuan.li PATHEXT .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.PY;.PYW SERVER_NAME vmware-localhost USERDOMAIN OMNICOM SCRIPT_NAME PYCHARM_HOSTED 1 QUERY_STRING PROGRAMDATA C:\ProgramData NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS 4 FPS_broWSER_USER_PROFILE_STRING Default SERVER_PROTOCOL HTTP/1.1 HTTP_CONNECTION keep-alive REMOTE_HOST HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE en-GB,en;q=0.6 HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL max-age=0 HTTP_ACCEPT text/html,*/*;q=0.8 wsgi.multiprocess False ALLUSERSPROFILE C:\ProgramData SYstemROOT C:\WINDOWS SERVER_SOFTWARE WsgiServer/0.2 PROCESSOR_REVISION 4501 SESSIONNAME Console HTTP_HOST 127.0.0.1:8000 CONTENT_LENGTH PATH C:\Program Files (x86)\Business Objects\Common\3.5\bin\NOTES\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Business Objects\Common\3.5\bin\NOTES\DATA\;C:\python35-32\Scripts\;C:\python35-32\;C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Sennheiser\SoftphonesDK\;C:\python35-32\Scripts;C:\Users\yuan.li\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Program Files (x86)\Nmap; OS Windows_NT PYTHONPATH C:\s14day21 HOMEDRIVE C: COMMONPROGRAMW6432 C:\Program Files\Common Files DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE s14day21.settings PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE x86 REQUEST_METHOD GET LOCALAPPDATA C:\Users\yuan.li\AppData\Local PROCESSOR_LEVEL 6 HTTP_USER_AGENT Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36 PROGRAMFILES(X86) C:\Program Files (x86) logoNSERVER \\MELDC01 wsgi.multithread True COMMONPROGRAMFILES C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36
注意最后的那个输出结果HTTP_USER_AGENT,这个是客户端的信息,我们可以根据这个做判断,然后返回不同的结果,比如手机版和PC版返回的显示排版不同。