Python：通过具有多个Excepts的Try / Except块传播异常

有没有办法将try / except块中的异常从一个传播到另一个除外？

我想捕获一个特定的错误,然后进行一般的错误处理.

“raise”允许异常“冒泡”到外部try / except,但不在try / except块内引发错误.

理想情况应该是这样的：

import logging

def getList():
    try:
        newList = ["just","some","place","holders"]
        # Maybe from something like: newList = untrustedGetList()

        # Faulty List Now throws IndexError
        someitem = newList[100]

        return newList

    except IndexError:
        # For debugging purposes the content of newList should get logged.
        logging.error("IndexError occured with newList containing: \n%s",str(newList))

    except:
        # General errors should be handled and include the IndexError as well!
        logging.error("A general error occured,substituting newList with backup")
        newList = ["We","can","work","with","this","backup"]
        return newList

我遇到的问题是当IndexError被第一个捕获时除外,我的常规错误处理在第二个除了块之外没有应用.

我现在唯一的解决方法是在第一个块中包含一般错误处理代码.即使我将它包装在它自己的功能块中,它仍然看起来不那么优雅……

最佳答案

您有两种选择：

>不要使用专用的except块来捕获IndexError.您始终可以通过捕获BaseException并将异常分配给名称(此处为e)来手动测试常规块中的异常类型：

try:
    # ...
except BaseException as e:
    if isinstance(e,IndexError):
        logging.error("IndexError occured with newList containing: \n%s",str(newList))

    logging.error("A general error occured,substituting newList with backup")
    newList = ["We","backup"]
    return newList

>使用嵌套的try..except语句并重新引发：

try:
    try:
        # ...
    except IndexError:
        logging.error("IndexError occured with newList containing: \n%s",str(newList))
        raise
except:
    logging.error("A general error occured,"backup"]
    return newList