文章对应的B站视频:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Tu41127Ca/
Django系列文章对应的目录:https://www.cnblogs.com/emanlee/p/15860241.html
Django Form 组件
Django Form 组件用于对页面进行初始化,生成 HTML 标签,此外还可以对用户提交对数据进行校验(显示错误信息)。
报错信息显示顺序:
- 先显示字段属性中的错误信息,然后再显示局部钩子的错误信息。
- 若显示了字段属性的错误信息,就不会显示局部钩子的错误信息。
- 若有全局钩子,则全局钩子是等所有的数据都校验完,才开始进行校验,并且全局钩子的错误信息一定会显示。
使用 Form 组件,需要先导入 forms:
from django import forms
接下来我们在 app01 目录下创建一个 My_forms.py:
app01/My_forms.py
from django import forms from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from app01 import models class EmpForm(forms.Form): name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="姓名", error_messages={"min_length": "太短了", "required": "该字段不能为空!"}) age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄") salary = forms.DecimalField(label="工资")
字段属性:
app01/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse from app01.My_forms import EmpForm from app01 import models from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError # Create your views here. def add_emp(request): if request.method == "GET": form = EmpForm() return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form}) else: form = EmpForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): # 进行数据校验 # 校验成功 data = form.cleaned_data # 校验成功的值,会放在cleaned_data里。 data.pop('r_salary') print(data) models.Emp.objects.create(**data) return HttpResponse( 'ok' ) # return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form}) else: print(form.errors) # 打印错误信息 clean_errors = form.errors.get("__all__") print(222, clean_errors) return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form, "clean_errors": clean_errors})
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('add_emp/', views.add_emp)
]
settings.py 配置:
TEMPLATES 里面的 Dirs
import os TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'Dirs': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'app01')], 'APP_Dirs': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ]
MIDDLEWARE,把下面的'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',注释掉
MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', ]
HTML 模版:
app01/add_emp.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <Meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <h3>添加员工</h3> {#1、自己手动写HTML页面#} <form action="" method="post"> <p>姓名:<input type="text" name="name"></p> <p>年龄:<input type="text" name="age"></p> <p>工资:<input type="text" name="salary"></p> <input type="submit"> </form> {#2、通过form对象的as_p方法实现#} {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#} {# {% csrf_token %}#} {# {{ form.as_p }}#} {# <input type="submit">#} {#</form>#} {#3、手动获取form对象的字段#} {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#} {# {% csrf_token %}#} {# <div>#} {# <label for="id_{{ form.name.name }}">姓名</label>#} {# {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>#} {# </div>#} {# <div>#} {# <label for="id_{{ form.age.name }}">年龄</label>#} {# {{ form.age }} <span>{{ form.age.errors.0 }}</span>#} {# </div>#} {# <div>#} {# <label for="id_salary">工资</label>#} {# {{ form.salary }} <span>{{ form.salary.errors.0 }}</span>#} {# </div>#} {# <input type="submit">#} {#</form>#} {#4、用for循环展示所有字段#} {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#} {# {% csrf_token %}#} {# {% for field in form %}#} {# <div>#} {# <label for="id_{{ field.name }}">{{ field.label }}</label>#} {# {{ field }} <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>#} {# </div>#} {# {% endfor %}#} {# <input type="submit">#} {#</form>#} </body> </html>
http://127.0.0.1:8003/add_emp/