考虑如下的案例:
同时打开三个文件,文件行数一样,要求实现每个文件依次读取一行,然后输出,我们先来看比较容易想到的写法:
with open(filename1,'rb') as fp1:
with open(filename2,'rb') as fp2:
with open(filename3,'rb') as fp3:
for i in fp1:
j = fp2.readline()
k = fp3.readline()
print(i,j,k)
注意这里只能对单个文件进行for循环读取,不能写成:
for i,k in fp1,fp2,fp3:
print(i,k)
但可使用强大的zip操作:
for i,k in zip(fp1,fp3):
print(i,k)
这样层层的嵌套未免啰嗦,with结构支持一种更简洁的写法:
with open(filename1,'rb') as fp1,open(filename2,'rb') as fp2,open(filename3,'rb') as fp3:
for i in fp1:
j = fp2.readline()
k = fp3.readline()
print(i,k)
或者使用更为优雅的写法,此时需要contextlib语法糖:
from contextlib improt ExitStack
with ExitStack() as stack:
files = [stack.enter_context(open(fname)) for fname in [filename1,filename2,filename3]]
for i,k in zip(files[0],files[1],files[2]):
print(i,k)