这篇文章主要介绍了Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总,本文讲解了获取当前datetime、获取当天date、获取明天/前N天、获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)、获取两个datetime的时间差、获取本周/本月/上月最后一天等实用方法 ,需要的朋友可以参考下
原则, 以datetime为中心, 起点或中转, 转化为目标对象, 涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理
步骤:
1. 掌握几种对象及其关系
2. 了解每类对象的基本操作方法
3. 通过转化关系转化
涉及对象
1. datetime
>>> import datetime
>>> Now = datetime.datetime.Now()
>>> Now
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 9, 12, 946118)
>>> type(Now)
2. timestamp
>>> import time
>>> time.time()
1421075455.568243
3. time tuple
>>> import time
>>> time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=10, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=0)
4. string
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.Now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'
5. date
复制代码 代码如下:>>> import datetime>>> datetime.datetime.Now().date()datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)datetime基本操作1. 获取当前datetime复制代码 代码如下:>>> import datetime>>> datetime.datetime.Now()datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 26, 24, 475680)2. 获取当天date复制代码 代码如下:>>> datetime.date.today()datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)3. 获取明天/前N天明天复制代码 代码如下:>>> datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)datetime.date(2015, 1, 13)三天前复制代码 代码如下:>>> datetime.datetime.Now()datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 38, 55, 492226)>>> datetime.datetime.Now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3)datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 9, 23, 38, 57, 59363)4. 获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)复制代码 代码如下:>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min)datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max)datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 59, 59, 999999)5. 获取两个datetime的时间差复制代码 代码如下:>>> (datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0) - datetime.datetime.Now()).total_seconds()44747.7680756. 获取本周/本月/上月最后一天本周复制代码 代码如下:>>> today = datetime.date.today()>>> todaydatetime.date(2015, 1, 12)>>> sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday())>>> sundaydatetime.date(2015, 1, 18)本月复制代码 代码如下:>>> import calendar>>> today = datetime.date.today()>>> _, last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year, today.month)>>> last_day = datetime.date(today.year, today.month, last_day_num)>>> last_daydatetime.date(2015, 1, 31)获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)复制代码 代码如下:>>> import datetime>>> today = datetime.date.today()>>> first = datetime.date(day=1, month=today.month, year=today.year)>>> lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)关系转换几个关系之间的转化Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple关系转换例子datetime stringdatetime -> string复制代码 代码如下:>>> import datetime>>> datetime.datetime.Now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s")'2015-01-12 23:13:08'string -> datetime复制代码 代码如下:>>> import datetime>>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s")datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 31, 18, 20, 10)datetime timetupledatetime -> timetuple复制代码 代码如下:>>> import datetime>>> datetime.datetime.Now().timetuple()time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=17, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=-1)timetuple -> datetime复制代码 代码如下:timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看后面datetimetimestamp]datetime datedatetime -> date复制代码 代码如下:>>> import datetime>>> datetime.datetime.Now().date()datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)date -> datetime复制代码 代码如下:>>> datetime.date.today()datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)>>> today = datetime.date.today()>>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time())datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)>>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time.min)datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)datetime timestampdatetime -> timestamp复制代码 代码如下:>>> Now = datetime.datetime.Now()>>> timestamp = time.mktime(Now.timetuple())>>> timestamp1421077403.0timestamp -> datetime复制代码 代码如下:>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0)datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 43, 23)