Python办公自动化｜10个方法，是时候对Excel下手了

自动化办公，我相信很多人都有强烈的需求，都希望从繁琐重复的劳动中挣脱出来，把精力用在有意义的事情上。

来自知乎提问

现代办公室里几乎任何一项工作都会用到Excel、Word。在之前文章中我已分享过Python自动化操作word的文章《Python办公自动化｜只需三秒，一键生成数据分析报告》。

私信小编01即可获取大量Python学习资源

今天我教大家如何利用Python自动化操作Excel，包括：介绍操作Excel的工具包、安装方法及操作Excel具体方法。对于每天有大量重复性工作的同学来说，这款工具绝对是福利。

openpyxl是什么

openpyxl是一个Python库，用于读取/写入Excel xlsx / xlsm / xltx / xltm文件。它的诞生是因为缺少可从Python本地读取/写入Office Open XML格式的库。官方文档：

http://yumos.gitee.io/openpyxl3.0

openpyxl安装

使用pip安装openpyxl。建议在不带系统软件包的Python virtualenv中执行此操作：

pip install openpyxl支持流行的lxml库（如果已安装）。这在创建大文件时特别有用。

openpyxl操作指南

1、创建工作簿

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()

ws_00 = wb.active #默认不取名称

ws_00['A1']= 'Python学习与数据挖掘'

ws_01 = wb.create_sheet("new_sheet", 0) # 取一个new_sheet的名称

ws_01['A1']= 23

wb.save('/Users/***/Desktop/document.xlsx')

2、写工作簿

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter

wb = Workbook()

dest_filename = '/Users/****/Desktop/empty_book.xlsx'

ws1 = wb.active

ws1.title = "range names"

for row in range(1, 40):

ws1.append(range(600))

ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")

ws2['F5'] = 3.14

ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")

for row in range(10, 20):

for col in range(27, 54):

_ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))

wb.save(filename = dest_filename)

3、插入图片

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

ws['A1'] = 'You should see three logos below'

img = Image('/Users/***/work/logo.png')

ws.add_image(img, 'A1')

wb.save('/Users/***/document01.xlsx')

4、删除行和列

删除列F:H

ws.delete_cols(6, 3)

5、将工作表转换为数据框

df = DataFrame(ws.values)

6、2D区域图

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.chart import (

AreaChart,

Reference,

Series,

)

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

rows = [

['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2'],

[2, 40, 30],

[3, 40, 25],

[4, 50, 30],

[5, 30, 10],

[6, 25, 5],

[7, 50, 10],

]

for row in rows:

ws.append(row)

chart = AreaChart()

chart.title = "Area Chart"

chart.style = 13

chart.x_axis.title = 'Test'

chart.y_axis.title = 'Percentage'

cats = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_row=7)

data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=7)

chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)

chart.set_categories(cats)

ws.add_chart(chart, "A10")

wb.save("area.xlsx")

6、雷达图

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.chart import (

RadarChart,

Reference,

)

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

rows = [

['Month', "Bulbs", "Seeds", "Flowers", "Trees & shrubs"],

['Jan', 0, 2500, 500, 0,],

['Feb', 0, 5500, 750, 1500],

['Mar', 0, 9000, 1500, 2500],

['Apr', 0, 6500, 2000, 4000],

['May', 0, 3500, 5500, 3500],

['Jun', 0, 0, 7500, 1500],

['Jul', 0, 0, 8500, 800],

['Aug', 1500, 0, 7000, 550],

['Sep', 5000, 0, 3500, 2500],

['Oct', 8500, 0, 2500, 6000],

['Nov', 3500, 0, 500, 5500],

['Dec', 500, 0, 100, 3000 ],

]

for row in rows:

ws.append(row)

chart = RadarChart()

chart.type = "filled"

labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=13)

data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, max_col=5, min_row=1, max_row=13)

chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)

chart.set_categories(labels)

chart.style = 26

chart.title = "Garden Centre Sales"

chart.y_axis.delete = True

ws.add_chart(chart, "A17")

wb.save("radar.xlsx")

7、使用公式

业务中需要批量处理的操作，我们可以代码化。Python利用Excel的公式功能来处理数据，可以达到事半功倍的效果。

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('/Users/***/work/document01.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

ws1["F2"] = "=SUM(B2:E2)" # 使用公式

# Save the file

wb.save('/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx')

8、给单元格设定字体颜色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import colors

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']

d4 = ws['D4']

ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色

a1.font = ft

d4.font = ft

# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::

#italic 倾斜字体

a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1

a1.value = "abc"

# Save the file

wb.save("/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx")

9、设定字体和大小

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import colors

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']

d4 = ws['D4']

a1.value = "abc"

from openpyxl.styles import Font

from copy import copy

ft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14)

ft2 = copy(ft1) #复制字体对象

ft2.name = "Tahoma"

10、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font

from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")

highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")

highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充

bd = Side('thick', color="000000")

highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)

print dir(ws["A1"])

ws["A1"].style =highlight

# Save the file

wb.save("/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx")