python – 如何访问`pip –user`安装的软件包？

我意识到我有一个过时的numpy版本：

$python
Python 2.7.10 (default,Oct 23 2015,18:05:06)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.59.5)] on darwin
Type "help","copyright","credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.version.full_version
'1.8.0rc1'

我试图更新它,但由于某些原因我无法安装在整台机器上：

$sudo pip install -U numpy
Password:
Downloading/unpacking numpy from https://pypi.python.org/packages/dd/9f/cd0ec9c50e4ed8650901ad4afde164e5252b6182a9e0c7bff5f8b4441960/numpy-1.11.1.zip#md5=5caa3428b24aaa07e72c79d115140e46
  Downloading numpy-1.11.1.zip (4.7MB): 4.7MB downloaded
  ...
  Found existing installation: numpy 1.8.0rc1
    Uninstalling numpy:
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py",line 134,in main
    status = self.run(options,args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py",line 241,in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options,global_options,root=options.root_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py",line 1294,in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py",line 525,in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py",line 1639,in remove
    renames(path,new_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/util.py",line 294,in renames
    shutil.move(old,new)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py",line 302,in move
    copy2(src,real_dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py",line 131,in copy2
    copystat(src,dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py",line 103,in copystat
    os.chflags(dst,st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-fajcj_-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy-1.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info'

Storing complete log in /Users/csaftoiu/Library/Logs/pip.log

好的,我只需安装到–user然后：

$pip install -U --user numpy
...
Successfully installed numpy

但版本没有更新！

$python
Python 2.7.10 (default,"credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.version.full_version
'1.8.0rc1'

安装版本在哪里？

解决方法

根据 the Python docs,这是使用“用户方案”安装：

Files will be installed into subdirectories of 07001 (written as userbase hereafter).

您可以看到这样的USER_BASE值：

$python -c "import site; print(site.USER_BASE)"
/Users/csaftoiu/Library/Python/2.7

我发现在我的机器上,这是在sys.path上,但是它出现在全局安装目录之后.

我通过将它添加到我的〜/ .bash_profile来解决它：

# add user base to python path
export PYTHONPATH=$(python -c "import site,os; print(os.path.join(site.USER_BASE,'lib','python','site-packages'))"):$PYTHONPATH

现在确实加载了最新版本：

$python
Python 2.7.10 (default,"credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy
>>> numpy
<module 'numpy' from '/Users/csaftoiu/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/numpy/__init__.pyc'>
>>> numpy.version.full_version
'1.11.1'
>>>