贪吃蛇
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# author: Wang dali time:2021年1月20日16:08:44
# python实现:贪吃蛇
"""
游戏玩法:回车开始游戏;空格暂停游戏/继续游戏;方向键/wsad控制小蛇走向
"""
# 注:因为在列表中需要频繁添加和删除元素,所以用deque容器代替列表;是因为deque具有高效的插入和删除效率
# 初始化蛇,长度为3,放置在屏幕左上角;
# 导包
import random
import sys
import time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from collections import deque
'''思路:用列表存储蛇的身体;用浅色表示身体,深色背景将身体凸显出来;
蛇的移动:仔细观察,是:身体除头和尾不动、尾部消失,头部增加,所以,新添加的元素放在列表头部、删除尾部元素;
游戏结束判定策略:超出边界;触碰到自己的身体:蛇前进的下一格子为身体的一部分(即在列表中)。'''
# 基础设置
Screen_Height = 480
Screen_Width = 600
Size = 20 # 小方格大小
Line_Width = 1
# 游戏区域的坐标范围
Area_x = (0, Screen_Width // Size - 1) # 0是左边界,1是右边界 #注:python中//为整数除法;/为浮点数除法
Area_y = (0, Screen_Height // Size - 1)
# 食物的初步设置
# 食物的分值+颜色
Food_Style_List = [(10, (255, 100, 100)), (20, (100, 255, 100)), (30, (100, 100, 255))]
# 整体颜色设置
Light = (100, 100, 100)
Dark = (200, 200, 200)
Black = (0, 0, 0)
Red = (200, 30, 30)
Back_Ground = (40, 40, 60)
# 文本输出格式设置
def Print_Txt(screen, font, x, y, text, fColor=(255, 255, 255)):
# font.render参数意义:.render(内容,是否抗锯齿,字体颜色,字体背景颜色)
Text = font.render(text, True, fColor)
screen.blit(Text, (x, y))
# 初始化蛇
def init_snake():
snake = deque()
snake.append((2, Area_y[0]))
snake.append((1, Area_y[0]))
snake.append((0, Area_y[0]))
return snake
# 食物设置
# 注意需要对食物出现在蛇身上的情况进行判断
def Create_Food(snake):
"""
注:randint 产生的随机数区间是包含左右极限的,
也就是说左右都是闭区间的[1, n],能取到1和n。
而 randrange 产生的随机数区间只包含左极限,
也就是左闭右开的[1, n),1能取到,而n取不到。randint
产生的随机数是在指定的某个区间内的一个值,
而 randrange 产生的随机数可以设定一个步长,也就是一个间隔。
"""
food_x = random.randint(Area_x[0], Area_x[1]) # 此处有疑问
food_y = random.randint(Area_y[0], Area_y[1])
# 如果食物出现在蛇上,重来;
while (food_x, food_y) in snake:
food_x = random.randint(Area_x[0], Area_x[1])
food_y = random.randint(Area_y[0], Area_y[1])
return food_x, food_y
# 食物风格
def Food_Style():
return Food_Style_List[random.randint(0, 2)] # 返回随机的分值和颜色
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((Screen_Width, Screen_Height)) # 初始化一个准备显示的窗口或屏幕
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇') # Set the caption
# 得分字体设置
font1 = pygame.font.SysFont("SimHei", 24)
# GO字体设置
font2 = pygame.font.SysFont("SimHei", 72)
fWidth, fheight = font2.size('GAME OVER')
# 程序bug修复:如果蛇在向右移动,快速点击分别施加向下、向左的命令,向下的命令会被覆盖,只有向左的命令被接受,直接GameOver
# b变量为了防止这个情况发生
b = True
# 蛇
snake = init_snake()
# 食物
food = Create_Food(snake)
food_style = Food_Style()
# 方向控制
pos = (1, 0)
# 启动游戏相关变量初始化
game_over = True # 结束标志 # 是否开始,当start = True,game_over = True 时,才显示 GAME OVER
game_start = False # 开始标志
score = 0 # 得分
oriSpeed = 0.3 # 蛇初始速度
speed = oriSpeed # 蛇速度
last_move_time = None
pause = False # 暂停
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_RETURN:
if game_over:
game_start = True
game_over = False
b = True
snake = init_snake()
food = Create_Food(snake)
food_style = Food_Style()
pos = (1, 0)
# 得分
score = 0
last_move_time = time.time()
elif event.key == K_SPACE:
if not game_over:
pause = not pause
# 以下为防止蛇在向右移动时按向左键,导致GameOver
elif event.key in (K_UP, K_w):
if b and not pos[1]:
pos = (0, -1)
b = False
elif event.key in (K_DOWN, K_s):
if b and not pos[1]:
pos = (0, 1)
b = False
elif event.key in (K_LEFT, K_a):
if b and not pos[0]:
pos = (-1, 0)
b = False
elif event.key in (K_RIGHT, K_d):
if b and not pos[0]:
pos = (1, 0)
b = False
# 填充背景色
screen.fill(Back_Ground)
# 画网格线、竖线
for x in range(Size, Screen_Width, Size):
pygame.draw.line(screen, Black, (x, Area_y[0] * Size), (x, Screen_Height), Line_Width)
# 画网格线、横线
for y in range(Area_y[0] * Size, Screen_Height, Size):
pygame.draw.line(screen, Black, (0, y), (Screen_Width, y), Line_Width)
# 蛇的爬行过程
if not game_over:
curTime = time.time()
if curTime - last_move_time > speed:
if not pause:
b = True
last_move_time = curTime
next_s = (snake[0][0] + pos[0], snake[0][1] + pos[1])
# 如果吃到了食物
if next_s == food:
snake.appendleft(next_s)
score += food_style[0]
speed = oriSpeed - 0.03 * (score // 100)
food = Create_Food(snake)
food_style = Food_Style()
else:
# 在区域内
if Area_x[0] <= next_s[0] <= Area_x[1] and Area_y[0] <= next_s[1] <= Area_y[1] \
and next_s not in snake:
snake.appendleft(next_s)
snake.pop()
else:
game_over = True
# 画食物
if not game_over:
"""
rect(Surface,color,Rect,width=0)
第一个参数指定矩形绘制到哪个Surface对象上
第二个参数指定颜色
第三个参数指定矩形的范围(left,top,width,height)
第四个参数指定矩形边框的大小(0表示填充矩形)
例如绘制三个矩形:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, (50, 50, 150, 50), 0)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, (250, 50, 150, 50), 1)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, (450, 50, 150, 50), 10)
"""
# 避免 GAME OVER 的时候把 GAME OVER 的字给遮住了
pygame.draw.rect(screen, food_style[1], (food[0] * Size, food[1] * Size, Size, Size), 0)
# 画蛇
for s in snake:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, Dark, (s[0] * Size + Line_Width, s[1] * Size + Line_Width,
Size - Line_Width * 2, Size - Line_Width * 2), 0)
Print_Txt(screen, font1, 30, 7, f'速度:{score // 100}')
Print_Txt(screen, font1, 450, 7, f'得分:{score}')
# 画GameOver
if game_over:
if game_start:
# print('GameOver')
Print_Txt(screen, font2, (Screen_Width - fWidth) // 2, (Screen_Height - fheight) // 2,
'GAME OVER', Red)
pygame.display.update()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()