1安装前环境：
操作系统:CetnOS6.6x64最小化安装，已配置好网络IP:10.10.10.12，物理内存32GB，硬盘300GB。
已下载：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
位于目录：/sharedisk/11G/
binutilscompat-libcap1compat-libstdc++-33gccgcc-c++glibcglibc-devellibgcclibstdc++libstdc++-devellibaiolibaio-develmakesysstatunixODBCunixODBC-develelfutils-libelf-develpdksh
2准备工作
#yuminstallunzip//下载unzip,用来解压上述两个压缩文件
#cd/opt/hadoop///切换当前目录到oracle压缩文件所在目录
#unziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip//解压
#unziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
解压后新增一个/opt/hadoop/database目录，里面是解压后的所有oracle安装文件。
在/etc/hosts文件中增加主机名(通过hostname获得)到回环IP的映射如下：
#vi/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost4localhost4.localdomain4
::1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost6localhost6.localdomain6
10.10.10.12ora11g
#vi/etc/selinux/confg设置SELINUX=disabled
#setenforce0//关闭selinux
3安装必须的包
#yuminstallnfs-utils//可以挂载nfsserver
#yuminstallgccmakebinutilsgcc-c++compat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelf-develelfutils-libelf-devel-statickshlibaiolibaio-develnumactl-develsysstatunixODBCunixODBC-develpcre-devel
检查那些包没有安装成功
rpm-q--queryformat%-{name}-%{version}-%{release}-%{arch}"\n"\compat-dbcompat-gcc-34compat-gcc-34-c++compat-libstdc++-33glibc-*glibc-*.i686libXpm-*.i686libXp.so.6libXt.so.6libXtst.so.6libgcc_s.so.1kshlibXplibaio-develnumactlnumactl-develunixODBCunixODBC-devel
#groupaddoinstall
#groupadddba
#useradd-goinstall-Gdbaoracle
#passwdoracle//设置oracle密码
#vi/etc/sysctl.conf在文件最后增加（根据文档要求kernel.shmmax设成物理内存的一半最合理）
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6553600
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmax=8588934592
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.sem=25032000100128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=102465000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
保存文件。
#/sbin/sysctl-p//让参数生效
#vi/etc/security/limits.conf在文件后增加
oraclesoftnproc2047
oraclehardnproc16384
oraclesoftnofile1024
oraclehardnofile65536
oraclesoftstack10240
保存文件。
sessionrequired/lib64/security/pam_limits.so//64位系统时，千万别写成错/lib/security/pam_limits.so//否则导致无法登录
if[$USER="oracle"];then
if[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];then
ulimit-p16384
ulimit-n65536
else
ulimit-u16384-n65536
fi
fi
7创建安装目录和设置文件权限
#mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0//数据库系统安装目录
#mkdir/u01/app/oracle/oradata//数据库数据安装目录
#mkdir/u01/app/oracle/inventory //此目录最好单独放一个目录下，不要放在oracle安装目录下
#mkdir/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area //此目录最好单独放一个目录下，不要放在oracle安装目录下
#chown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle
chown-Roracle:oinstall/opt/hadoop/database/
#chmod-R775/u01/app/oracle
设置环境变量:修改/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件，增加如下
#su-oracle
exportORACLE_BASE=/opt/hadoop/u01/app/oracle
exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
exportORACLE_SID=ora11
exportPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
$cp-R/sharedisk/11G/database/response/home/oracle//复制一份模板
$cd/home/oracle/response
$vidb_install.rsp//开始修改这个安装响应文件，此文件只是安装数据库软件
需要设置的选项如下：
oracle.install.responseFiLeversion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0//系统生成的，不要修改
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY//只安装软件，不安装启动数据库
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora11g//通过hostname命令获得
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_Security_UPDATES=true//一定要设置为true
9根据响应文件安装oracle
$cd/sharedisk/11G/database
$./runInstaller-silent-responseFile/home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp-ignorePrereq
StartingOracleUniversalInstaller...
CheckingTempspace:mustbegreaterthan120MB.Actual1240MBPassed
Checkingswapspace:0MBavailable,150MBrequired.Failed<<<<
Checkingmonitor:mustbeconfiguredtodisplayatleast256colors
>>>Couldnotexecuteautocheckfordisplaycolorsusingcommand/usr/bin/xdpyinfo.CheckifthedisPLAYvariableisset.Failed<<<<
SomerequirementchecksFailed.Youmustfulfilltheserequirementsbefore
continuingwiththeinstallation,
Continue?(y/n)[n]y
安装过程中，如果提示[WARNING]不必理会，此时安装程序仍在进行，如果出现[FATAL]，则安装程序已经停止了。打开另一个终端，执行
#tail-100f/u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions......log
可以实时跟踪查看安装日志，了解安装的进度。
当出现如下提示，既安装成功：
beexecutedasthe"root"user.
#!/bin/sh
#Rootscriptstorun
/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
Toexecutetheconfigurationscripts:
1.Openaterminalwindow
2.Loginas"root"
3.Runthescripts
4.Returntothiswindowandhit"Enter"keytocontinue
SuccessfullySetupSoftware.
表示安装成功了。按照其提示操作。
$exit//退回到root
#sh/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
#sh/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
10静默配置监听
$netca/silent/responsefile/home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
Parsingcommandlinearguments:
Parameter"silent"=true
Parameter"responsefile"=/home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
Doneparsingcommandlinearguments.
OracleNetServicesConfiguration:
Profileconfigurationcomplete.
OracleNetListenerStartup:
RunningListenerControl:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctlstartLISTENER
ListenerControlcomplete.
Listenerstartedsuccessfully.
Listenerconfigurationcomplete.
OracleNetServicesconfigurationsuccessful.Theexitcodeis0
成功运行后，在/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0/network/admin目录下生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件。
通过netstat–tlnp命令，看到
tcp00:::1521:::*LISTEN10760/tnslsnr
说明监听器已经在1521端口上开始工作了。
修改/home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp，设置如下：
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2.0"//不能更改
OPERATION_TYPE="createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
SID="ora11"//对应的实例名字
TEMPLATENAME="General_Purpose.dbc"//建库用的模板文件
SYSPASSWORD="oracle"//SYS管理员密码
SYstemPASSWORD="oracle"//SYstem管理员密码
DATAFILEDESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata//数据文件存放目录
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area//恢复数据存放目录
CHaraCTERSET="ZHS16GBK"//字符集，重要!!!建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚。
TOTALMEMORY="3276"//oracle内存3276MB(allmem*80%)
静默建库命令如下
$dbca-silent-responseFile/home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
copyingdatabasefiles
1%complete
3%complete
11%complete
18%complete
26%complete
37%complete
CreatingandstartingOracleinstance
40%complete
45%complete
50%complete
55%complete
56%complete
60%complete
62%complete
CompletingDatabaseCreation
66%complete
70%complete
73%complete
85%complete
96%complete
100%complete
Lookatthelogfile"/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11/ora11.log"forfurtherdetails.
查看日志文件
$cat/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11/ora11.log
DBCA_PROGRESS:1%
DBCA_PROGRESS:3%
DBCA_PROGRESS:11%
DBCA_PROGRESS:18%
DBCA_PROGRESS:26%
DBCA_PROGRESS:37%
DBCA_PROGRESS:40%
DBCA_PROGRESS:45%
DBCA_PROGRESS:50%
DBCA_PROGRESS:55%
DBCA_PROGRESS:56%
DBCA_PROGRESS:60%
DBCA_PROGRESS:62%
DBCA_PROGRESS:66%
DBCA_PROGRESS:70%
DBCA_PROGRESS:73%
DBCA_PROGRESS:85%
DBCA_PROGRESS:96%
DBCA_PROGRESS:100%
Databasecreationcomplete.Fordetailscheckthelogfilesat:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11.
Databaseinformation:
globalDatabaseName:ora11
SystemIdentifier(SID):ora11
建库后实例检查：
$ps-ef|grepora_|grep-vgrep
oracle112791012:04?00:00:00ora_pmon_ora11
oracle112811112:04?00:00:02ora_vktm_ora11
oracle112851012:04?00:00:00ora_gen0_ora11
oracle112871012:04?00:00:00ora_diag_ora11
oracle112891012:04?00:00:00ora_dbrm_ora11
oracle112911012:04?00:00:00ora_psp0_ora11
oracle112931012:04?00:00:00ora_dia0_ora11
oracle112951012:04?00:00:00ora_mman_ora11
oracle112971012:04?00:00:00ora_dbw0_ora11
oracle112991012:04?00:00:00ora_lgwr_ora11
oracle113011012:04?00:00:01ora_ckpt_ora11
oracle113031012:04?00:00:00ora_smon_ora11
oracle113051012:04?00:00:00ora_reco_ora11
oracle113071112:04?00:00:02ora_mmon_ora11
oracle113091012:04?00:00:01ora_mmnl_ora11
oracle113111012:04?00:00:00ora_d000_ora11
oracle113131012:04?00:00:00ora_s000_ora11
oracle113231012:04?00:00:01ora_qmnc_ora11
oracle113401012:04?00:00:01ora_cjq0_ora11
oracle113421012:04?00:00:01ora_q000_ora11
oracle113441012:04?00:00:00ora_q001_ora11
查看监听状态
$lsnrctlstatus
LSNRCTLforLinux:Version11.2.0.1.0-Productionon26-AUG-201412:07:54
copyright(c)1991,2009,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.
Connectingto(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUSoftheLISTENER
------------------------
AliasLISTENER
VersionTNSLSNRforLinux:Version11.2.0.1.0-Production
StartDate26-AUG-201411:11:10
Uptime0days0hr.56min.44sec
TraceLeveloff
SecurityON:LocalOSAuthentication
SNMPOFF
ListenerParameterFile/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
ListenerLogFile/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora11g/listener/alert/log.xml
ListeningEndpointsSummary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora11g)(PORT=1521)))
ServicesSummary...
Service"ora11"has1instance(s).
Instance"ora11",statusREADY,has1handler(s)forthisservice...
Service"ora11XDB"has1instance(s).
Thecommandcompletedsuccessfully
$sqlplus/assysdba
sql*Plus:Release11.2.0.1.0ProductiononTueAug2613:37:342014
copyright(c)1982,255)">Connectedto:
OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.1.0-64bitProduction
WiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptions
sql>shutdownimmediate;
Databaseclosed.
Databasedismounted.
ORACLEinstanceshutdown.
sql>startupmount
ORACLEinstancestarted.
TotalSystemGlobalArea1603411968bytes
FixedSize2213776bytes
VariableSize402655344bytes
DatabaseBuffers1191182336bytes
Redobuffers7360512bytes
Databasemounted.
sql>alterdatabasearchivelog;
Databasealtered.
sql>alterdatabaseflashbackon;
sql>executeutl_recomp.recomp_serial();
PL/sqlproceduresuccessfullycompleted.
sql>altersystemarchivelogcurrent;
Systemaltered.
sql>exit
$vi/etc/oratab
ora11:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
这样就可以通过dbstart启动此实例，也可以通过dbshut关闭此实例了。
$dbshut/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ProcessingDatabaseinstance"ora11":logfile/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/shutdown.log
此时所有oracle的进程关闭，监听器也停止。
$dbstart/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ProcessingDatabaseinstance"ora11":logfile/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/startup.log
此时监听器工作，hello实例运行，再次查看监听器状态。
开机启动方法：
方法1：
要想让oracle服务随着系统启动而自动启动，需要在/etc/rc.local文件中增加如下：
su-oracle-c"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0"
方法2：建立启动脚本
#vi/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
#!/bin/bash
#oracle:Start/StopOracleDatabase11gR2
#
#chkconfig:3459010
#description:TheOracleDatabaseisanObject-RelationalDatabaseManagementSystem.
#processname:oracle
./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case"$1"in
'start')
if[-f$LOCKFILE];then
echo$0alreadyrunning.
exit1
echo-n$"StartingOracleDatabase:"
su-$ORACLE_USER-c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctlstart"
su-$ORACLE_USER-c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart$ORACLE_HOME"
su-$ORACLE_USER-c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctlstartdbconsole"
touch$LOCKFILE
;;
'stop')
if[!-f$LOCKFILE];then
echo$0alreadystopping.
echo-n$"StoppingOracleDatabase:"
su-$ORACLE_USER-c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctlstop"
su-$ORACLE_USER-c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su-$ORACLE_USER-c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctlstopdbconsole"
rm-f$LOCKFILE
'restart')
$0stop
$0start
'status')
echo$0started.
echo$0stopped.
*)
echo"Usage:$0[start|stop|status]"
esac
exit0
#serviceoracleon
