centos6.9 centos7.3 正确安装mariadb的姿势

随着mysql被oracle公司收购之后，越来越多的公司都把自己的数据库转移到了mariadb数据库上面，其实mysql数据库和mariadb数据库的区别只是换个名字而已，内在的东西一模一样，下面我们就来说一下在centos6和centos7上如何正确的安装mariadb吧

centos7上：

centos7上的yum源里是自带mariadb数据库的，所以我们就给自己的虚拟机装上mariadb的服务器端和客户端，再设置一下密码就可以使用啦。

[root@J-7~]#yum-ygroupinstallmariadbmariadb-client#安装mariadb的服务器端和客户端
Loadedplugins:fastestmirror
Thereisnoinstalledgroupsfile.
Mayberun:yumgroupsmarkconvert(seemanyum)
base|3.6kB00:00:00
elpl|4.3kB00:00:00
Loadingmirrorspeedsfromcachedhostfile
ResolvingDependencies
-->Runningtransactioncheck
……
Verifying:perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch14/14

Installed:
MySQL-python.x86_640:1.2.5-1.el7mariadb.x86_641:5.5.52-1.el7
mariadb-server.x86_641:5.5.52-1.el7mysql-connector-odbc.x86_640:5.2.5-6.el7

DependencyInstalled:
libtool-ltdl.x86_640:2.4.2-21.el7_2perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_640:2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_641:2.061-4.el7perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_640:4.023-5.el7
perl-DBI.x86_640:1.627-4.el7perl-Data-Dumper.x86_640:2.145-3.el7
perl-IO-Compress.noarch0:2.061-2.el7perl-Net-Daemon.noarch0:0.48-5.el7
perl-PlRPC.noarch0:0.2020-14.el7unixODBC.x86_640:2.3.1-11.el7

Complete!
[root@J-7~]#systemctlstartmariadb.service#开启服务
[root@J-7~]#systemctlenablemariadb.service#设置为开机启动
Createdsymlinkfrom/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.serviceto/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@J-7~]#ss-nutl#查看一下Mariadb的3306端口开启了没有
NetidStateRecv-QSend-QLocalAddress:PortPeerAddress:Port
udpUNCONN00*:12518*:*
udpUNCONN00*:29118*:*
udpUNCONN00*:68*:*
udpUNCONN00*:68*:*
udpUNCONN00:::12518:::*
udpUNCONN00:::24061:::*
tcpLISTEN050*:3306*:*
tcpLISTEN0128*:22*:*
tcpLISTEN0100127.0.0.1:25*:*
tcpLISTEN0128:::22:::*
tcpLISTEN0100::1:25:::*
[root@J-7~]#mysql_secure_installation#用它自带的这个命令设置一些最基础的东西

NOTE:RUNNINGALLPARTSOFTHISSCRIPTISRECOMMENDEDFORALLMariaDB
SERVERSINPRODUCTIONUSE!PLEASEREADEACHSTEPCAREFULLY!

InordertologintoMariaDBtosecureit,we'llneedthecurrent
passwordfortherootuser.Ifyou'vejustinstalledMariaDB,and
youhaven'tsettherootpasswordyet,thepasswordwillbeblank,soyoushouldjustpressenterhere.

Entercurrentpasswordforroot(enterfornone):#没有密码要创建，按回车即可
ERROR1045(28000):Accessdeniedforuser'root'@'localhost'(usingpassword:YES)
Entercurrentpasswordforroot(enterfornone):
ERROR1045(28000):Accessdeniedforuser'root'@'localhost'(usingpassword:YES)
Entercurrentpasswordforroot(enterfornone):
OK,successfullyusedpassword,movingon...

SettingtherootpasswordensuresthatnobodycanlogintotheMariaDB
rootuserwithouttheproperauthorisation.

Setrootpassword?[Y/n]y#是否设置密码
Newpassword:#输入密码
Re-enternewpassword:#确认密码
Passwordupdatedsuccessfully!
Reloadingprivilegetables..
...Success!


Bydefault,aMariaDBinstallationhasananonymoususer,allowinganyone
tologintoMariaDBwithouthavingtohaveauseraccountcreatedfor
them.Thisisintendedonlyfortesting,andtomaketheinstallation
goabitsmoother.Youshouldremovethembeforemovingintoa
productionenvironment.

Removeanonymoususers?[Y/n]y#移除匿名登录？
...Success!

Normally,rootshouldonlybeallowedtoconnectfrom'localhost'.This
ensuresthatsomeonecannotguessattherootpasswordfromthenetwork.

Disallowrootloginremotely?[Y/n]no#关闭远程登录？
...Success!

Bydefault,MariaDBcomeswithadatabasenamed'test'thatanyonecan
access.Thisisalsointendedonlyfortesting,andshouldberemoved
beforemovingintoaproductionenvironment.

Removetestdatabaseandaccesstoit?[Y/n]y#移除测试数据？
-Droppingtestdatabase...
...Success!
-Removingprivilegesontestdatabase...
...Success!

Reloadingtheprivilegetableswillensurethatallchangesmadesofar
willtakeeffectimmediately.

Reloadprivilegetablesnow?[Y/n]y#确定你的配置？
...Success!

Cleaningup...

Alldone!Ifyou'vecompletedalloftheabovesteps,yourMariaDB
installationshouldnowbesecure.

ThanksforusingMariaDB!
[root@J-7~]#mysql-uroot-p#登录
Enterpassword:#输入密码
WelcometotheMariaDBmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.
YourMariaDBconnectionidis12
Serverversion:5.5.52-MariaDBMariaDBServer

Copyright(c)2000,2016,Oracle,MariaDBCorporationAbandothers.

Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthecurrentinputstatement.

MariaDB[(none)]>#正常使用

centos6:

centos6上默认的数据库是mysql5.5的，这里我们要安装mariadb10.0的就得自己去Mariadb数据库的官方网站http://mariadb.org 下一个，来进行安装，如果你已经安装了自己卸载干净就行，我这里环境是最小安装的，这里我以二进制编译安装为例:

[root@localhost~]#rz#把自己下载的包传上来

[root@localhost~]#ls
anaconda-ks.cfginstall.loginstall.log.syslogmariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost~]#getentpasswdmysql#检查系统是否已经有了mysql用户的信息
[root@localhost~]#useradd-r-d/app/data-s/sbin/nologin-u36mysql#创建mysql用户，指定家目录和默认shell
[root@localhost~]#idmysql#查看一下用户信息
uid=36(mysql)gid=36(mysql)groups=36(mysql)
[root@localhost~]#ll/app/data-d#看一下我们计划存放数据库的目录信息
drwxr-xr-x2rootroot4096Jul2800:34/app/data
[root@localhost~]#chownmysql:mysql/app/data/#修改目录的属组和属主
[root@localhost~]#tarxfmariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64.tar.gz-C/usr/local/#将二进制包解压放到指定位置
[root@localhost~]#cd/usr/local/
[root@localhostlocal]#ll
total44
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011bin
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011etc
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011games
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011include
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011lib
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011lib64
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011libexec
drwxr-xr-x12rootroot4096Jul2800:38mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011sbin
drwxr-xr-x.5rootroot4096Jul2720:51share
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011src
[root@localhostlocal]#ln-smariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64/mysql/#给mariadb写一个软连接，切记不要后面的/
ln:target`mysql/'isnotadirectory:Nosuchfileordirectory
[root@localhostlocal]#ln-smariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64/mysql
[root@localhostlocal]#ll#查看一下
total44
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011bin
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011etc
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011games
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011include
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011lib
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011lib64
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011libexec
drwxr-xr-x12rootroot4096Jul2800:38mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot28Jul2800:39mysql->mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011sbin
drwxr-xr-x.5rootroot4096Jul2720:51share
drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep232011src
[root@localhostlocal]#llmysql/#看一下mysql文件夹的属组和属主
total192
drwxr-xr-x2rootroot4096Jul2800:38bin
-rw-r--r--1wangwang17987Jul1904:33COPYING
drwxr-xr-x3rootroot4096Jul2800:38data
-rw-r--r--1wangwang8245Jul1904:33EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
drwxr-xr-x3rootroot4096Jul2800:38include
-rw-r--r--1wangwang8694Jul1904:33INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x3rootroot4096Jul2800:38lib
drwxr-xr-x4rootroot4096Jul2800:38man
drwxr-xr-x11rootroot4096Jul2800:37mysql-test
-rw-r--r--1wangwang108813Jul1904:33README
drwxr-xr-x2rootroot4096Jul2800:38scripts
drwxr-xr-x27rootroot4096Jul2800:38share
drwxr-xr-x4rootroot4096Jul2800:38sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x3rootroot4096Jul2800:38support-files
[root@localhostlocal]#chgrp-Rmysqlmysql/#修改mysql的属组
[root@localhostlocal]#llmysql/
total192
drwxr-xr-x2rootmysql4096Jul2800:38bin
-rw-r--r--1wangmysql17987Jul1904:33COPYING
drwxr-xr-x3rootmysql4096Jul2800:38data
-rw-r--r--1wangmysql8245Jul1904:33EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
drwxr-xr-x3rootmysql4096Jul2800:38include
-rw-r--r--1wangmysql8694Jul1904:33INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x3rootmysql4096Jul2800:38lib
drwxr-xr-x4rootmysql4096Jul2800:38man
drwxr-xr-x11rootmysql4096Jul2800:37mysql-test
-rw-r--r--1wangmysql108813Jul1904:33README
drwxr-xr-x2rootmysql4096Jul2800:38scripts
drwxr-xr-x27rootmysql4096Jul2800:38share
drwxr-xr-x4rootmysql4096Jul2800:38sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x3rootmysql4096Jul2800:38support-files
[root@localhostlocal]#ll/etc/my.cnf#这个是系统自带的配置文件
-rw-r--r--.1rootroot251Jan2706:25/etc/my.cnf
[root@localhostlocal]#rpm-qf/etc/my.cnf#这个配置文件来自mysql的包
mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
[root@localhostlocal]#cat/etc/my.cnf#看一下这个配置的内容
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
#Disablingsymbolic-linksisrecommendedtopreventassortedsecurityrisks
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[root@localhostlocal]#cdmysql#进入到mysql文件夹
[root@localhostmysql]#ls
bindataincludelibmysql-testscriptssql-bench
COPYINGEXCEPTIONS-CLIENTINSTALL-BINARYmanREADMEsharesupport-files
[root@localhostmysql]#cdsupport-files/#查看一下support-files文件夹，里面全部都是模板文件
[root@localhostsupport-files]#ls
binary-configuremy-innodb-heavy-4G.cnfmy-small.cnfmysql.server
magicmy-large.cnfmysqld_multi.serverSELinux
my-huge.cnfmy-medium.cnfmysql-log-rotate
[root@localhostsupport-files]#mkdir/etc/mysql#创建一个存放我们自己配置的文件夹
[root@localhostsupport-files]#cpmy-huge.cnf/etc/mysql/my.cnf#复制一个模板配置修改成适合自己用的
[root@localhostsupport-files]#vim/etc/mysql/my.cnf
……
[mysqld]
datadir=/app/data#存放目录
innodb_file_per_table=on#使用引擎（可不写）
skip_name_resolve=on#禁止解析（可不写）
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size=384M
max_allowed_packet=1M
table_open_cache=512
sort_buffer_size=2M
read_buffer_size=2M
……
[root@localhostsupport-files]#cd/usr/local/mysql/#进入到mysql文件夹
[root@localhostmysql]#scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql--datadir=/app/data/#执行包带的脚本并指定存放地址和执行用户
InstallingMariaDB/MySQLsystemtablesin'/app/data/'...#一些关键说明
1707284:33:26[Warning]'THREAD_CONCURRENCY'isdeprecatedandwillberemovedinafuturerelease.
1707284:33:26[Note]./bin/mysqld(mysqld5.5.57-MariaDB)startingasprocess1872...
OK
Fillinghelptables...
1707284:33:27[Warning]'THREAD_CONCURRENCY'isdeprecatedandwillberemovedinafuturerelease.
1707284:33:27[Note]./bin/mysqld(mysqld5.5.57-MariaDB)startingasprocess1881...
OK

Tostartmysqldatboottimeyouhavetocopy
support-files/mysql.servertotherightplaceforyoursystem

PLEASEREMEMBERTOSETAPASSWORDFORTHEMariaDBrootUSER!
Todoso,starttheserver,thenissuethefollowingcommands:

'./bin/mysqladmin'-urootpassword'new-password'
'./bin/mysqladmin'-uroot-hlocalhost.localdomainpassword'new-password'

Alternativelyyoucanrun:
'./bin/mysql_secure_installation'

whichwillalsogiveyoutheoptionofremovingthetest
databasesandanonymoususercreatedbydefault.Thisis
stronglyrecommendedforproductionservers.

SeetheMariaDBKnowledgebaseathttp://mariadb.com/kborthe
MySQLmanualformoreinstructions.

YoucanstarttheMariaDBdaemonwith:
cd'.';./bin/mysqld_safe--datadir='/app/data/'

YoucantesttheMariaDBdaemonwithmysql-test-run.pl
cd'./mysql-test';perlmysql-test-run.pl
…………

https://mariadb.org/get-involved/

[root@localhostmysql]#ls/app/data/#查看一下我们存放数据库的文件夹
aria_log.00000001mysqlmysql-bin.000002performance_schema
aria_log_controlmysql-bin.000001mysql-bin.indextest
[root@localhostmysql]#cdsupport-files/
[root@localhostmysql]#pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@localhostmysql]#ll/app/data/
total1084
-rw-rw----1mysqlmysql16384Jul2804:33aria_log.00000001
-rw-rw----1mysqlmysql52Jul2804:33aria_log_control
drwx------2mysqlroot4096Jul2804:33mysql
-rw-rw----1mysqlmysql30379Jul2804:33mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----1mysqlmysql1038814Jul2804:33mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----1mysqlmysql38Jul2804:33mysql-bin.index
drwx------2mysqlmysql4096Jul2804:33performance_schema
drwx------2mysqlroot4096Jul2804:33test
[root@localhostmysql]#ls
bindataincludelibmysql-testscriptssql-bench
COPYINGEXCEPTIONS-CLIENTINSTALL-BINARYmanREADMEsharesupport-files
[root@localhostmysql]#cpsupport-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysqld#复制一个启动服务脚本
[root@localhostmysql]#chkconfig--listmysqld#查看服务
servicemysqldsupportschkconfig,butisnotreferencedinanyrunlevel(run'chkconfig--addmysqld')
[root@localhostmysql]#chkconfig--addmysqld#把mysqld服务加进去
[root@localhostmysql]#chkconfigmysqldon#开机自启
[root@localhostmysql]#chkconfig--listmysqld#看一下服务
mysqld	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
[root@localhostmysql]#servicemysqldstart#启动服务
StartingMySQL.17072804:40:26mysqld_safeLoggingto'/var/log/mysqld.log'.#因没有日志文件夹报错
17072804:40:26mysqld_safeStartingmysqlddaemonwithdatabasesfrom/app/data
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe_helper:Can'tcreate/writetofile'/var/log/mysqld.log'(Errcode:13)
ERROR!
[root@localhostmysql]#cat/etc/my.cnf#看一下系统自带的mysql配置
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
#Disablingsymbolic-linksisrecommendedtopreventassortedsecurityrisks
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log#日志正确存放地址
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[root@localhostmysql]#touch/var/log/mysqld.log#创建一个日志文件
[root@localhostmysql]#chownmysql/var/log/mysqld.log#修改属主，给它个写的权限
[root@localhostmysql]#servermysqldstart
-bash:server:commandnotfound
[root@localhostmysql]#servicemysqldstart#启动服务
StartingMySQL.17072804:45:01mysqld_safeLoggingto'/var/log/mysqld.log'.
17072804:45:01mysqld_safeStartingmysqlddaemonwithdatabasesfrom/app/data
.SUCCESS!
[root@localhostmysql]#ss-ntl#查看一下端口，3306开启了
StateRecv-QSend-QLocalAddress:PortPeerAddress:Port
LISTEN050*:3306*:*
LISTEN0128:::22:::*
LISTEN0128*:22*:*
LISTEN0100::1:25:::*
LISTEN0100127.0.0.1:25*:*
[root@localhostmysql]#mysql#直接登录使用，报错命令没找到
-bash:mysql:commandnotfound
[root@localhostmysql]#pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@localhostmysql]#ls
bindataincludelibmysql-testscriptssql-bench
COPYINGEXCEPTIONS-CLIENTINSTALL-BINARYmanREADMEsharesupport-files
[root@localhostmysql]#cdbin/
[root@localhostbin]#vim/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh#写一个配置文件，把mysql放到bin下
exportPATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@localhostbin]#./etc/profile.d/mysql.sh#执行一下
[root@localhostbin]#mysql#登录一下，可以匿名登录肯定不行啊，出去设置一下
WelcometotheMariaDBmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.
YourMariaDBconnectionidis2
Serverversion:5.5.57-MariaDBMariaDBServer

Copyright(c)2000,2017,MariaDBCorporationAbandothers.

Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthecurrentinputstatement.

MariaDB[(none)]>exit
Bye
[root@localhostbin]#mysql_se
mysql_secure_installationmysql_setpermission
[root@localhostbin]#mysql_secure_installation#执行脚本，完成基本的安全设置
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation:line393:find_mysql_client:commandnotfound

NOTE:RUNNINGALLPARTSOFTHISSCRIPTISRECOMMENDEDFORALLMariaDB
SERVERSINPRODUCTIONUSE!PLEASEREADEACHSTEPCAREFULLY!

InordertologintoMariaDBtosecureit,soyoushouldjustpressenterhere.

Entercurrentpasswordforroot(enterfornone):
OK,movingon...

SettingtherootpasswordensuresthatnobodycanlogintotheMariaDB
rootuserwithouttheproperauthorisation.

Setrootpassword?[Y/n]y#设置密码？

Newpassword:#第一次输入密码
Re-enternewpassword:#确认密码
Passwordupdatedsuccessfully!
Reloadingprivilegetables..
...Success!


Bydefault,andtomaketheinstallation
goabitsmoother.Youshouldremovethembeforemovingintoa
productionenvironment.

Removeanonymoususers?[Y/n]y#禁止匿名用户？
...Success!

Normally,rootshouldonlybeallowedtoconnectfrom'localhost'.This
ensuresthatsomeonecannotguessattherootpasswordfromthenetwork.

Disallowrootloginremotely?[Y/n]n#禁止root远程登录？
...skipping.

Bydefault,andshouldberemoved
beforemovingintoaproductionenvironment.

Removetestdatabaseandaccesstoit?[Y/n]y#移除系统的测试数据？
-Droppingtestdatabase...
...Success!
-Removingprivilegesontestdatabase...
...Success!

Reloadingtheprivilegetableswillensurethatallchangesmadesofar
willtakeeffectimmediately.

Reloadprivilegetablesnow?[Y/n]y#确认加载配置？
...Success!

Cleaningup...

Alldone!Ifyou'vecompletedalloftheabovesteps,yourMariaDB
installationshouldnowbesecure.

ThanksforusingMariaDB!
[root@localhostbin]#mysql-uroot-p#登录
Enterpassword:#输入密码
WelcometotheMariaDBmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.
YourMariaDBconnectionidis10
Serverversion:5.5.57-MariaDBMariaDBServer

Copyright(c)2000,MariaDBCorporationAbandothers.

Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthecurrentinputstatement.

MariaDB[(none)]>#安装完成