创建任务过程理解
xTaskCreate（）分析
BaseType_t xTaskCreate( TaskFunction_t pxTaskCode,
const char * const pcName,
const uint16_t usstackDepth,
void * const pvParameters,
UBaseType_t uxPriority,
TaskHandle_t * const pxCreatedTask )
{
TCB_t *pxNewTCB;
BaseType_t xReturn;
#if( portSTACK_GROWTH > 0 )
{
pxNewTCB = ( TCB_t * ) pvPortMalloc( sizeof( TCB_t ) );
if( pxNewTCB != NULL )
{
pxNewTCB->pxStack = ( StackType_t * ) pvPortMalloc( ( ( ( size_t ) usstackDepth ) * sizeof( StackType_t ) ) );
if( pxNewTCB->pxStack == NULL )
{
vPortFree( pxNewTCB );
pxNewTCB = NULL;
}
}
}
#else
{
StackType_t *pxStack;
pxStack = ( StackType_t * ) pvPortMalloc( ( ( ( size_t ) usstackDepth ) * sizeof( StackType_t ) ) );
if( pxStack != NULL )
{
/* Allocate space for the TCB. */
pxNewTCB = ( TCB_t * ) pvPortMalloc( sizeof( TCB_t ) ); /*lint !e961 MISRA exception as the casts are only redundant for some paths. */
if( pxNewTCB != NULL )
{
/* Store the stack location in the TCB. */
pxNewTCB->pxStack = pxStack;
}
else
{
/* The stack cannot be used as the TCB was not created. Free
it again. */
vPortFree( pxStack );
}
}
else
{
pxNewTCB = NULL;
}
}
#endif /* portSTACK_GROWTH */
if( pxNewTCB != NULL )
{
#if( tskSTATIC_AND_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION_POSSIBLE != 0 )
{
/* Tasks can be created statically or dynamically, so note this
task was created dynamically in case it is later deleted. */
pxNewTCB->ucStaticallyAllocated = tskDYNAMICALLY_ALLOCATED_STACK_AND_TCB;
}
#endif /* configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION */
prvInitialiseNewTask( pxTaskCode, pcName, ( uint32_t ) usstackDepth, pvParameters, uxPriority, pxCreatedTask, pxNewTCB, NULL );
prvAddNewTaskToReadyList( pxNewTCB );
xReturn = pdPASS;
}
else
{
xReturn = errCould_NOT_ALLOCATE_required_MEMORY;
}
return xReturn;
}
首先判断堆栈增长方向，通过堆栈增长方向来设置堆栈。
然后给任务快申请内存，申请成功就初始化堆栈字段pxStack 。
再标记一下这是使用动态创建任务函数。
然后初始化任务。
将新创建的任务加入到就绪列表中。
prvInitialiseNewTask（）函数分析
static void prvInitialiseNewTask( TaskFunction_t pxTaskCode,
const char * const pcName,
const uint32_t ulStackDepth,
void * const pvParameters,
UBaseType_t uxPriority,
TaskHandle_t * const pxCreatedTask,
TCB_t *pxNewTCB,
const MemoryRegion_t * const xRegions ) /*lint !e971 Unqualified char types are allowed for strings and single characters only. */
{
StackType_t *pxTopOfStack;
UBaseType_t x;
#if( portUSING_mpu_WRAPPERS == 1 )
/* Should the task be created in privileged mode? */
BaseType_t xRunPrivileged;
if( ( uxPriority & portPRIVILEGE_BIT ) != 0U )
{
xRunPrivileged = pdTRUE;
}
else
{
xRunPrivileged = pdFALSE;
}
uxPriority &= ~portPRIVILEGE_BIT;
#endif /* portUSING_mpu_WRAPPERS == 1 */
/* Avoid dependency on memset() if it is not required. */
#if( ( configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW > 1 ) || ( configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY == 1 ) || ( INCLUDE_uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark == 1 ) )
{
/* Fill the stack with a kNown value to assist debugging. */
( void ) memset( pxNewTCB->pxStack, ( int ) tskSTACK_FILL_BYTE, ( size_t ) ulStackDepth * sizeof( StackType_t ) );
}
#endif /* ( ( configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW > 1 ) || ( ( configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY == 1 ) || ( INCLUDE_uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark == 1 ) ) ) */
/* Calculate the top of stack address. This depends on whether the stack
grows from high memory to low (as per the 80x86) or vice versa.
portSTACK_GROWTH is used to make the result positive or negative as required
by the port. */
#if( portSTACK_GROWTH < 0 )
{
pxTopOfStack = pxNewTCB->pxStack + ( ulStackDepth - ( uint32_t ) 1 );
pxTopOfStack = ( StackType_t * ) ( ( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) pxTopOfStack ) & ( ~( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) ) ); /*lint !e923 MISRA exception. Avoiding casts between pointers and integers is not practical. Size differences accounted for using portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE type. */
/* Check the alignment of the calculated top of stack is correct. */
configASSERT( ( ( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) pxTopOfStack & ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) == 0UL ) );
}
#else /* portSTACK_GROWTH */
{
pxTopOfStack = pxNewTCB->pxStack;
/* Check the alignment of the stack buffer is correct. */
configASSERT( ( ( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) pxNewTCB->pxStack & ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) == 0UL ) );
/* The other extreme of the stack space is required if stack checking is
performed. */
pxNewTCB->pxEndOfStack = pxNewTCB->pxStack + ( ulStackDepth - ( uint32_t ) 1 );
}
#endif /* portSTACK_GROWTH */
/* Store the task name in the TCB. */
for( x = ( UBaseType_t ) 0; x < ( UBaseType_t ) configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN; x++ )
{
pxNewTCB->pcTaskName[ x ] = pcName[ x ];
/* Don't copy all configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN if the string is shorter than
configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN characters just in case the memory after the
string is not accessible (extremely unlikely). */
if( pcName[ x ] == 0x00 )
{
break;
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
}
/* Ensure the name string is terminated in the case that the string length
was greater or equal to configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN. */
pxNewTCB->pcTaskName[ configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN - 1 ] = '\0';
/* This is used as an array index so must ensure it's not too large. First
remove the privilege bit if one is present. */
if( uxPriority >= ( UBaseType_t ) configMAX_PRIORITIES )
{
uxPriority = ( UBaseType_t ) configMAX_PRIORITIES - ( UBaseType_t ) 1U;
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
pxNewTCB->uxPriority = uxPriority;
#if ( configUSE_MUTEXES == 1 )
{
pxNewTCB->uxBasePriority = uxPriority;
pxNewTCB->uxMutexesHeld = 0;
}
#endif /* configUSE_MUTEXES */
vListinitialiseItem( &( pxNewTCB->xStateListItem ) );
vListinitialiseItem( &( pxNewTCB->xEventListItem ) );
/* Set the pxNewTCB as a link back from the ListItem_t. This is so we can get
back to the containing TCB from a generic item in a list. */
listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( &( pxNewTCB->xStateListItem ), pxNewTCB );
/* Event lists are always in priority order. */
listSET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( &( pxNewTCB->xEventListItem ), ( TickType_t ) configMAX_PRIORITIES - ( TickType_t ) uxPriority ); /*lint !e961 MISRA exception as the casts are only redundant for some ports. */
listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( &( pxNewTCB->xEventListItem ), pxNewTCB );
#if ( portCRITICAL_nesTING_IN_TCB == 1 )
{
pxNewTCB->uxCriticalnesting = ( UBaseType_t ) 0U;
}
#endif /* portCRITICAL_nesTING_IN_TCB */
#if ( configUSE_APPLICATION_TASK_TAG == 1 )
{
pxNewTCB->pxTaskTag = NULL;
}
#endif /* configUSE_APPLICATION_TASK_TAG */
#if ( configGENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS == 1 )
{
pxNewTCB->ulRunTimeCounter = 0UL;
}
#endif /* configGENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS */
#if ( portUSING_mpu_WRAPPERS == 1 )
{
vPortStoreTaskmpuSettings( &( pxNewTCB->xmpuSettings ), xRegions, pxNewTCB->pxStack, ulStackDepth );
}
#else
{
/* Avoid compiler warning about unreferenced parameter. */
( void ) xRegions;
}
#endif
#if( configNUM_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS != 0 )
{
for( x = 0; x < ( UBaseType_t ) configNUM_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS; x++ )
{
pxNewTCB->pvThreadLocalStoragePointers[ x ] = NULL;
}
}
#endif
#if ( configUSE_TASK_NOTIFICATIONS == 1 )
{
pxNewTCB->ulNotifiedValue = 0;
pxNewTCB->ucNotifyState = taskNOT_WAITING_NOTIFICATION;
}
#endif
#if ( configUSE_NEWLIB_REENTRANT == 1 )
{
/* Initialise this task's Newlib reent structure. */
_REENT_INIT_PTR( ( &( pxNewTCB->xNewLib_reent ) ) );
}
#endif
#if( INCLUDE_xTaskAbortDelay == 1 )
{
pxNewTCB->ucDelayAborted = pdFALSE;
}
#endif
/* Initialize the TCB stack to look as if the task was already running,
but had been interrupted by the scheduler. The return address is set
to the start of the task function. Once the stack has been initialised
the top of stack variable is updated. */
#if( portUSING_mpu_WRAPPERS == 1 )
{
pxNewTCB->pxTopOfStack = pxPortinitialiseStack( pxTopOfStack, pxTaskCode, pvParameters, xRunPrivileged );
}
#else /* portUSING_mpu_WRAPPERS */
{
pxNewTCB->pxTopOfStack = pxPortinitialiseStack( pxTopOfStack, pxTaskCode, pvParameters );
}
#endif /* portUSING_mpu_WRAPPERS */
if( ( void * ) pxCreatedTask != NULL )
{
/* Pass the handle out in an anonymous way. The handle can be used to
change the created task's priority, delete the created task, etc.*/
*pxCreatedTask = ( TaskHandle_t ) pxNewTCB;
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
}
这段代码比较长，一点一点分析，首先
#if( ( configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW > 1 ) || ( configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY == 1 ) || ( INCLUDE_uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark == 1 ) )
{
/* Fill the stack with a kNown value to assist debugging. */
( void ) memset( pxNewTCB->pxStack, ( int ) tskSTACK_FILL_BYTE, ( size_t ) ulStackDepth * sizeof( StackType_t ) );
}
这里是判断是否使能了堆栈溢出检测功能和追踪功能，如果使能了，就用0XA5U来填充堆栈。tskSTACK_FILL_BYTE的值为0xA5U.
然后根据堆栈增长方向，计算栈顶的地址。
然后将任务的名字的字符串保存起来，添加结束符’\0’。
判断当前任务的优先级是否超过了FreeRTOS系统的最大优先级。超过了就将优先级设置为最大优先级减一。
初始化任务控制块的优先级字段uxPriority。
如果使能了互斥信号量，就初始化相应的字段。
使用vListinitialiseItem（）函数初始化列表项。
设置状态列表项和事件列表项为当前任务的控制块。
后面有一些条件编译，根据自己使用情况来开启，这里是在开启后进行了一些初始化字段。
后面初始化了任务堆栈，使用pxPortinitialiseStack（）。
最后生成任务句柄，可以看出，任务句柄就是任务控制块。
vListinitialiseItem（）函数分析
void vListinitialiseItem( ListItem_t * const pxItem )
{
/* Make sure the list item is not recorded as being on a list. */
pxItem->pvContainer = NULL;
/* Write kNown values into the list item if
configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES is set to 1. */
listSET_FirsT_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE( pxItem );
listSET_SECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE( pxItem );
}
这里的函数都没有实现，说明这里只是将列表进行了初始化，对pvContainer 给了0。
prvAddNewTaskToReadyList()函数分析
static void prvAddNewTaskToReadyList( TCB_t *pxNewTCB )
{
/* Ensure interrupts don't access the task lists while the lists are being
updated. */
taskENTER_CRITICAL();
{
uxCurrentNumberOfTasks++;
if( pxCurrentTCB == NULL )
{
/* There are no other tasks, or all the other tasks are in
the suspended state - make this the current task. */
pxCurrentTCB = pxNewTCB;
if( uxCurrentNumberOfTasks == ( UBaseType_t ) 1 )
{
/* This is the first task to be created so do the preliminary
initialisation required. We will not recover if this call
fails, but we will report the failure. */
prvInitialiseTaskLists();
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
}
else
{
/* If the scheduler is not already running, make this task the
current task if it is the highest priority task to be created
so far. */
if( xSchedulerRunning == pdFALSE )
{
if( pxCurrentTCB->uxPriority <= pxNewTCB->uxPriority )
{
pxCurrentTCB = pxNewTCB;
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
}
uxTaskNumber++;
#if ( configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY == 1 )
{
/* Add a counter into the TCB for tracing only. */
pxNewTCB->uxTCBNumber = uxTaskNumber;
}
#endif /* configUSE_TRACE_FACILITY */
traceTASK_CREATE( pxNewTCB );
prvAddTaskToReadyList( pxNewTCB );
portSETUP_TCB( pxNewTCB );
}
taskEXIT_CRITICAL();
if( xSchedulerRunning != pdFALSE )
{
/* If the created task is of a higher priority than the current task
then it should run Now. */
if( pxCurrentTCB->uxPriority < pxNewTCB->uxPriority )
{
taskYIELD_IF_USING_PREEMPTION();
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
}
先进入临界区。uxCurrentNumberOfTasks（）函数用来记录任务数量。
如果任务控制块为空，说明当前没有任务，或者其他任务都处于挂起态，那就将此做为当前任务。初始化任务列表。
如果当前有任务，那就判断当前是否开启任务调度。如果当前调度任务还未运行，那就判断优先级，将pxCurrentTCB设置为高优先级任务的任务控制块。
任务数量加一。
traceTASK_CREATE( pxNewTCB );函数未实现
添加任务到就绪列表中，
退出临界区。
如果当前任务调度器已经开启。而且新任务的优先级最高，那就进行一次任务切换。
prvAddTaskToReadyList()函数分析
#define prvAddTaskToReadyList( pxTCB ) \
traceMOVED_TASK_TO_READY_STATE( pxTCB ); \
taskRECORD_READY_PRIORITY( ( pxTCB )->uxPriority ); \
vListInsertEnd( &( pxReadyTasksLists[ ( pxTCB )->uxPriority ] ), &( ( pxTCB )->xStateListItem ) ); \
tracePOST_MOVED_TASK_TO_READY_STATE( pxTCB )
添加任务到就绪列表函数是一个宏，其中traceMOVED_TASK_TO_READY_STATE( pxTCB ); 未实现
taskRECORD_READY_PRIORITY函数用于硬件设置优先级。
在就将任务添加到就绪列表结尾。
pxPortinitialiseStack（）函数分析
StackType_t *pxPortinitialiseStack( StackType_t *pxTopOfStack, TaskFunction_t pxCode, void *pvParameters )
{
/* Simulate the stack frame as it would be created by a context switch
interrupt. */
pxTopOfStack--; /* Offset added to account for the way the MCU uses the stack on entry/exit of interrupts. */
*pxTopOfStack = portiniTIAL_XPSR; /* xPSR */
pxTopOfStack--;
*pxTopOfStack = ( ( StackType_t ) pxCode ) & portSTART_ADDRESS_MASK; /* PC */
pxTopOfStack--;
*pxTopOfStack = ( StackType_t ) prvTaskExitError; /* LR */
pxTopOfStack -= 5; /* R12, R3, R2 and R1. */
*pxTopOfStack = ( StackType_t ) pvParameters; /* R0 */
pxTopOfStack -= 8; /* R11, R10, R9, R8, R7, R6, R5 and R4. */
return pxTopOfStack;
}
在任务初始化函数里会对任务的堆栈初始化，首先将寄存器xPSRd的值设置为portiniTIAL_XPSR，然后将PC的值设置为pxCode ，然后将LR的值设置为prvTaskExitError。跳过R12,R3,R2,R1.将R0设置为pvParameters。跳过八个寄存器。这里的寄存器顺序是芯片内设置好的。最后的堆栈如图所示。
