Gem5的FS全系统模拟

前面已经讲了gem5的SE（系统调用）模式，FS模式虽然慢了很多，但是功能强大些。下面开始介绍如何把环境弄好，以X86架构下的FS模式为例，在Ubuntu14.04 LTS环境下。

建议全程用root身份~

1.进入gem5目录下，编译X86架构

root@ubuntu14:/home/zzh/gem5# scons build/X86/gem5.opt

2.下载X86架构对应的全系统文件，也就是disk

wget http://www.m5sim.org/dist/current/x86/x86-system.tar.bz2

3.下载alpha对应的全系统文件，这是因为后面会用到里面解压出来的一个文件。

wget http://www.m5sim.org/dist/current/m5_system_2.0b3.tar.bz2

4.gem5目录下新建个文件夹fs-image，进入该目录，解压x86-system.tar.gz

root@ubuntu14:/home/zzh/gem5# mkdir fs-image
root@ubuntu14:/home/zzh/gem5# cd fs-image
root@ubuntu14:/home/zzh/gem5/fs-image# tar -xjf x86-system.tar.bz2

5.我第三步下载的alpha对应的全系统文件——m5_system_2.0b3放在Download目录下，将其解压，并将disks目录下的linux-bigswap2.img放到x86-system解压后的disks目录下。

root@ubuntu14:/home/zzh/gem5/fs-image# cp /home/zzh/Downloads/m5_system_2.0b3/disks/linux-bigswap2.img disks/

6.修改.bashrc文件，添加下面的环境变量

root@ubuntu14:~# ls -a
.  ..  .bash_history  .bashrc  .profile  .viminfo
root@ubuntu14:~# vim .bashrc

export M5_PATH=$M5_PATH:/home/zzh/gem5/fs-image/

7.使环境变量生效

root@ubuntu14:~# source .bashrc

8.进入gem5目录下，启动X86架构的FS模式

root@ubuntu14:~# cd /home/zzh/gem5
root@ubuntu14:/home/zzh/gem5# build/X86/gem5.opt configs/example/fs.py

9.报了下面的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>",line 1,in <module>
  File "/home/zzh/gem5/src/python/m5/main.py",line 400,in main
    exec filecode in scope
  File "configs/example/fs.py",line 341,in <module>
    test_sys = build_test_system(np)
  File "configs/example/fs.py",line 96,in build_test_system
    options.ruby,cmdline=cmdline)
  File "/home/zzh/gem5/configs/common/FSConfig.py",line 620,in makeLinuxX86System
    makeX86System(mem_mode,numCPUs,mdesc,self,Ruby)
  File "/home/zzh/gem5/configs/common/FSConfig.py",line 545,in makeX86System
    disk0.childImage(mdesc.disk())
  File "/home/zzh/gem5/configs/common/Benchmarks.py",line 60,in disk
    return env.get('LINUX_IMAGE',disk('x86root.img'))
  File "/home/zzh/gem5/configs/common/SysPaths.py",line 44,in disk
    system()
  File "/home/zzh/gem5/configs/common/SysPaths.py",line 69,in system
    raise IOError,"Can't find a path to system files."
IOError: Can't find a path to system files.

错误：Can’t find a path to system files.
解决办法：修改gem5目录下的configs/common/SysPath.py，将目录改成你现在的目录

except KeyError:
            path = [ '/dist/m5/system','/n/poolfs/z/dist/m5/system' ]

except KeyError:
            path = [ '/dist/m5/system','/home/zzh/gem5/fs-image' ]

10.重新启动，报了第二个错

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>",line 45,in disk
    return searchpath(disk.path,filename)
  File "/home/zzh/gem5/configs/common/SysPaths.py",line 41,in searchpath
    raise IOError,"Can't find file '%s' on path." % filename
IOError: Can't find file 'x86root.img' on path.

错误：Can’t find file ‘x86root.img’ on path.
解决办法：修改Benchmarks.py文件，将x86root.img改为linux-x86.img

zzh@ubuntu14:~/gem5/configs/common$ vim Benchmarks.py

elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == 'x86':
            return env.get('LINUX_IMAGE',disk('x86root.img'))

elif buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == 'x86':
            return env.get('LINUX_IMAGE',disk('linux-x86.img'))

11.重新启动，命令行可以指定kernel和使用的disk-image，报下面的错误：Error opening /home/zzh/gem5/fs-image/disks/linux-bigswap2.img

zzh@ubuntu14:~/gem5$ build/X86/gem5.opt configs/example/fs.py --kernel=x86_64-vmlinux-2.6.22.9 --disk-image=linux-x86.img

info: kernel located at: /home/zzh/gem5/fs-image/binaries/x86_64-vmlinux-2.6.22.9
Listening for com_1 connection on port 3456
      0: rtc: Real-time clock set to Sun Jan  1 00:00:00 2012
panic: Error opening /home/zzh/gem5/fs-image/disks/linux-bigswap2.img

查了查权限。。。

要sudo权限，上面那个启动命令。

zzh@ubuntu14:~/gem5$ sudo build/X86/gem5.opt configs/example/fs.py --kernel=x86_64-vmlinux-2.6.22.9 --disk-image=linux-x86.img

没问题了，会出现下面的输出

12.打开另一个终端，用于连接FS模拟的全系统。这里使用的是m5term，先编译安装这个工具，在gem5的目录下有。

zzh@ubuntu14:~/gem5$ cd util/term/

zzh@ubuntu14:~/gem5/util/term$ make
cc  -o m5term term.c

zzh@ubuntu14:~/gem5/util/term$ sudo make install
[sudo] password for zzh: 
install -o root -m 555 m5term /usr/local/bin

13.用如下命令连接，注意3456是个端口，是在上图里出现的端口3456，默认情况下启动的第一个端口都是这个，再接着开启第二个就会是3457。

zzh@ubuntu14:~/gem5/util/term$ sudo ./m5term 127.0.0.1 3456

然后就会有如下输出。。。到最后就显示已经连上了，已经是进入了模拟的系统里。【这个地方，很神奇，一般第一次连接的时候很快就进去了，但是之后就大概要花个几分钟。。。】

==== m5 slave terminal: Terminal 0 ====
Linux version 2.6.22.9 (blackga@nacho) (gcc version 4.1.2 (Gentoo 4.1.2)) #2 Mon Oct 8 13:13:00 PDT 2007
Command line: earlyprintk=ttyS0 console=ttyS0 lpj=7999923 root=/dev/hda1
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
 BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 0000000020000000 (usable)
 BIOS-e820: 0000000020000000 - 00000000c0000000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000ffff0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
end_pfn_map = 1048576
kernel direct mapping tables up to 100000000 @ 8000-d000
DMI 2.5 present.
Zone PFN ranges:
  DMA             0 ->     4096
  DMA32        4096 ->  1048576
  Normal    1048576 ->  1048576
early_node_map[2] active PFN ranges
    0:        0 ->      159
    0:      256 ->   131072
Intel MultiProcessor Specification v1.4
MPTABLE: OEM ID:  MPTABLE: Product ID:  MPTABLE: APIC at: 0xFEE00000
Processor #0 (Bootup-CPU)
I/O APIC #1 at 0xFEC00000.
Setting APIC routing to flat
Processors: 1
swsusp: Registered nosave memory region: 000000000009f000 - 00000000000a0000
swsusp: Registered nosave memory region: 00000000000a0000 - 0000000000100000
Allocating PCI resources starting at c4000000 (gap: c0000000:3fff0000)
Built 1 zonelists.  Total pages: 127570
Kernel command line: earlyprintk=ttyS0 console=ttyS0 lpj=7999923 root=/dev/hda1
Initializing CPU#0
PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 11,16384 bytes)
time.c: Detected 1999.998 MHz processor.
Console: colour dummy device 80x25
console handover: boot [earlyser0] -> real [ttyS0]
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7,524288 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6,262144 bytes)
Checking aperture...
Memory: 509248k/524288k available (3742k kernel code,14444k reserved,1874k data,232k init)
Calibrating delay loop (skipped)... 3999.96 BogoMIPS preset
Mount-cache hash table entries: 256
CPU: L1 I Cache: 64K (64 bytes/line),D cache 64K (64 bytes/line)
CPU: L2 Cache: 1024K (64 bytes/line)
using mwait in idle threads.
CPU: Fake M5 x86_64 CPU stepping 01
ACPI: Core revision 20070126
ACPI Exception (tbxface-0618): AE_NO_ACPI_TABLES,While loading namespace from ACPI tables [20070126]
ACPI: Unable to load the System Description Tables
Using local APIC timer interrupts.
result 7812510
Detected 7.812 MHz APIC timer.
NET: Registered protocol family 16
PCI: Using configuration type 1
ACPI: Interpreter disabled.
Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
PCI: Probing PCI hardware
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: 0000:00:04.0[A] -> IRQ 16
PCI-GART: No AMD northbridge found.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
Time: tsc clocksource has been installed.
IP route cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5,131072 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8,1048576 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7,524288 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 65536 bind 65536)
TCP reno registered
Total HugeTLB memory allocated,0
Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 [e-mail]).
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
Real Time Clock Driver v1.12ac
Linux agpgart interface v0.102 (c) Dave Jones
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports,IRQ sharing disabled
serial8250: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 8250
floppy0: no floppy controllers found
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
loop: module loaded
Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.20-k2
Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
e100: Intel(R) PRO/100 Network Driver,3.5.17-k4-NAPI
e100: Copyright(c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation
forcedeth.c: Reverse Engineered nForce ethernet driver. Version 0.60.
tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver,1.6
tun: (C) 1999-2004 Max Krasnyansky <[e-mail]>
netconsole: not configured,aborting
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
PIIX4: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:04.0
PCI: Enabling device 0000:00:04.0 (0000 -> 0001)
PIIX4: chipset revision 0
PIIX4: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
    ide0: BM-DMA at 0x1000-0x1007,BIOS settings: hda:DMA,hdb:DMA
    ide1: BM-DMA at 0x1008-0x100f,BIOS settings: hdc:DMA,hdd:DMA
hda: M5 IDE Disk,ATA DISK drive
hdb: M5 IDE Disk,ATA DISK drive
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
hda: max request size: 128KiB
hda: 1048320 sectors (536 MB),CHS=1040/16/63,UDMA(33)
 hda: hda1
hdb: max request size: 128KiB
hdb: 4177920 sectors (2139 MB),CHS=4144/16/63,UDMA(33)
 hdb: unknown partition table
megaraid cmm: 2.20.2.7 (Release Date: Sun Jul 16 00:01:03 EST 2006)
megaraid: 2.20.5.1 (Release Date: Thu Nov 16 15:32:35 EST 2006)
megasas: 00.00.03.10-rc5 Thu May 17 10:09:32 PDT 2007
Fusion MPT base driver 3.04.04
Copyright (c) 1999-2007 LSI Logic Corporation
Fusion MPT SPI Host driver 3.04.04
Fusion MPT SAS Host driver 3.04.04
ieee1394: raw1394: /dev/raw1394 device initialized
USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v3.0
usbcore: registered new interface driver usblp
drivers/usb/class/usblp.c: v0.13: USB Printer Device Class driver
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
PNP: No PS/2 controller found. Probing ports directly.
serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /class/input/input0
device-mapper: ioctl: 4.11.0-ioctl (2006-10-12) initialised: [e-mail]
input: PS/2 Generic Mouse as /class/input/input1
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver
oprofile: using timer interrupt.
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NET: Registered protocol family 10
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
NET: Registered protocol family 17
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs,running e2fsck is recommended
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Freeing unused kernel memory: 232k freed
INIT: version 2.86 booting
mounting filesystems...
loading script...
Script from M5 readfile is empty,starting bash shell...
(none) / # 

好了，下一篇接着讲，进入FS模式之后，如何运行自己的测试程序。。这个也稍微麻烦点，看下篇~~