Ubuntu源码安装Nginx

Nginx是常用Web服务器，市场占有率直追老牌Web服务器软件Apache。Nginx除了作为Web服务器以外，还可以作为邮件服务器，反向代理服务器。下面我们介绍源代码安装和简单配置Nginx。

#下载源代码压缩包，以Nginx-1.11.11为例
dell@dell:~$ wget http://Nginx.org/download/Nginx-1.11.11.tar.gz
#解压文件
dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf Nginx-1.11.11.tar.gz

下载PCRE，前面博文中已有下载和安装过程。

#PCRE官方网站是 https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/

安装pcre,zlib，前者一般是为了重写rewrite，后者一般是为了gzip压缩。

PCRE目前（2017-3-24）有两个版本，分别是PCRE与PCRE2，这里我们选择下载PCRE。

PCRE最新版本下载地址是https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/8.40/。

选择文件下载、解压与安装。

#下载源代码
dell@dell:~$ wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.40/pcre-8.40.tar.gz
#解压文件
dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz
dell@dell:~$ cd pcre-8.40/
#配置安装文件
dell@dell:~/pcre-8.40$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
dell@dell:~/pcre-8.40$ make
dell@dell:~/pcre-8.40$ sudo make install

安装zlib。

zlib官方网站是 http://zlib.net/ 。

#可在官方网站下载，或去https://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/ 下载
dell@dell:~$ wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
dell@dell:~$ cd zlib-1.2.11/
dell@dell:~/zlib-1.2.11$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib1.2
Checking for gcc...
Checking for shared library support...
Building shared library libz.so.1.2.11 with gcc.
Checking for size_t... Yes.
Checking for off64_t... Yes.
Checking for fseeko... Yes.
Checking for strerror... Yes.
Checking for unistd.h... Yes.
Checking for stdarg.h... Yes.
Checking whether to use vs[n]printf() or s[n]printf()... using vs[n]printf().
Checking for vsnprintf() in stdio.h... Yes.
Checking for return value of vsnprintf()... Yes.
Checking for attribute(visibility) support... Yes.
dell@dell:~/zlib-1.2.11$ make
dell@dell:~/zlib-1.2.11$ sudo make install

安装OpenSSL。 OpenSSL官方网站https://www.openssl.org/ 。下载页面 https://www.openssl.org/source/ 。

#
dell@dell:~$ wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.0e.tar.gz
dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.0e.tar.gz
dell@dell:~$ cd openssl-1.1.0e/
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ ./config
############################################
示例配置代码
############################################
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl1.1
Operating system: x86_64-whatever-linux2
Configuring for linux-x86_64
Configuring OpenSSL version 1.1.0e (0x1010005fL)
    no-asan         [default]  OPENSSL_NO_ASAN
    no-crypto-mdebug [default]  OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG
    no-crypto-mdebug-backtrace [default]  OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_BACKTRACE
    no-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EC_NISTP_64_GCC_128
    no-egd          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EGD
    no-fuzz-afl     [default]  OPENSSL_NO_FUZZ_AFL
    no-fuzz-libfuzzer [default]  OPENSSL_NO_FUZZ_LIBFUZZER
    no-heartbeats   [default]  OPENSSL_NO_HEARTBEATS
    no-md2          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_MD2 (skip dir)
    no-msan         [default]  OPENSSL_NO_MSAN
    no-rc5          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_RC5 (skip dir)
    no-sctp         [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SCTP
    no-ssl-trace    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SSL_TRACE
    no-ssl3         [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SSL3
    no-ssl3-method  [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SSL3_METHOD
    no-ubsan        [default]  OPENSSL_NO_ubsan
    no-unit-test    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_UNIT_TEST
    no-weak-ssl-ciphers [default]  OPENSSL_NO_WEAK_SSL_CIPHERS
    no-zlib         [default]
    no-zlib-dynamic [default]
Configuring for linux-x86_64
CC            =gcc
CFLAG         =-Wall -O3 -pthread -m64 -DL_ENDIAN  -Wa,--noexecstack
SHARED_CFLAG  =-fPIC -DOPENSSL_USE_NODELETE
DEFInes       =DSO_DLFCN HAVE_DLFCN_H NDEBUG OPENSSL_THREADS OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE OPENSSL_PIC OPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 OPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT OPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT5 OPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m SHA1_ASM SHA256_ASM SHA512_ASM RC4_ASM MD5_ASM AES_ASM VPAES_ASM BSAES_ASM GHASH_ASM ECP_NISTZ256_ASM PADLOCK_ASM poly1305_ASM
LFLAG         =
PLIB_LFLAG    =
EX_LIBS       =-ldl
APPS_OBJ      =
cpuID_OBJ     =x86_64cpuid.o
UPLINK_OBJ    =
BN_ASM        =asm/x86_64-gcc.o x86_64-mont.o x86_64-mont5.o x86_64-gf2m.o rsaz_exp.o rsaz-x86_64.o rsaz-avx2.o

EC_ASM        =ecp_nistz256.o ecp_nistz256-x86_64.o
DES_ENC       =des_enc.o fcrypt_b.o
AES_ENC       =aes-x86_64.o vpaes-x86_64.o bSAEs-x86_64.o aesni-x86_64.o aesni-sha1-x86_64.o aesni-sha256-x86_64.o aesni-mb-x86_64.o
BF_ENC        =bf_enc.o
CAST_ENC      =c_enc.o
RC4_ENC       =rc4-x86_64.o rc4-md5-x86_64.o
RC5_ENC       =rc5_enc.o
MD5_OBJ_ASM   =md5-x86_64.o
SHA1_OBJ_ASM  =sha1-x86_64.o sha256-x86_64.o sha512-x86_64.o sha1-mb-x86_64.o sha256-mb-x86_64.o
RMD160_OBJ_ASM=
CMLL_ENC      =cmll-x86_64.o cmll_misc.o
MODES_OBJ     =ghash-x86_64.o aesni-gcm-x86_64.o
PADLOCK_OBJ   =e_padlock-x86_64.o
CHACHA_ENC    =chacha-x86_64.o
poly1305_OBJ  =poly1305-x86_64.o
BLAKE2_OBJ    =
PROCESSOR     =
RANLIB        =ranlib
ARFLAGS       =
PERL          =/usr/bin/perl

SIXTY_FOUR_BIT_LONG mode

Configured for linux-x86_64.
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$
############################################
示例配置代码结束
############################################
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ make
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ sudo make install
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ cd
#检查OpenSSL安装位置
dell@dell:~$ which openssl
/usr/local/bin/openssl
dell@dell:~$ whereis openssl
openssl: /usr/bin/openssl /usr/local/bin/openssl /usr/share/man/man1/openssl.1ssl.gz
dell@dell:~$

开始安装Nginx。

dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf Nginx-1.11.11.tar.gz
dell@dell:~$ cd Nginx-1.11.11/
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$ ls
auto  CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  conf  configure  contrib  html  LICENSE  man  README  src
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Nginx1.11 --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre
--with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib1.2
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$ make
make -f objs/Makefile
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/dell/Nginx-1.11.11'
cd /usr/local/pcre \
&& if [ -f Makefile ]; then make distclean; fi \
&& CC="cc" CFLAGS="-O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe " \
./configure --disable-shared
/bin/sh: 3: ./configure: not found
objs/Makefile:1170: recipe for target '/usr/local/pcre/Makefile' Failed
make[1]: *** [/usr/local/pcre/Makefile] Error 127
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/dell/Nginx-1.11.11'
Makefile:8: recipe for target 'build' Failed
make: *** [build] Error 2
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$
#解决该问题一个方法
#参考链接 http://kexiaoke.blog.51cto.com/5530023/1375299
#指定PCRE和zlib源代码位置，复制文件时请执行make distclean
dell@dell:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/pcre/src
dell@dell:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/zlib1.2/src
dell@dell:~$ sudo cp -r zlib-1.2.11/* /usr/local/zlib1.2/src/
dell@dell:~$ sudo cp -r pcre-8.40/* /usr/local/pcre/src/
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$ make clean

请检查PCRE是否正在运行。有相关进程先结束掉。推测可能是PHP或者Apache导致PCRE某些文件不能写入导致Nginx编译不成功。重启电脑可能会解决该问题。

dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$ whereis pcre
pcre: /usr/local/pcre
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$ which pcre
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Nginx1.11 --with-pcre=/home/dell/pcre-8.40 --wit h-zlib=/home/dell/zlib-1.2.11
#开始安装
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$ sudo make install
[sudo] dell 的密码：
make -f objs/Makefile install
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/dell/Nginx-1.11.11'
test -d '/usr/local/Nginx1.11' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/Nginx1.11'
test -d '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin'
test ! -f '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx' \
        || mv '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx' \
                '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx.old'
cp objs/Nginx '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/koi-win '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/koi-utf '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/win-utf '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
test -f '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/mime.types' \
        || cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/mime.types.default'
test -f '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/fastcgi_params' \
        || cp conf/fastcgi_params '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/fastcgi_params \
        '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/fastcgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/fastcgi.conf' \
        || cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/fastcgi.conf.default'
test -f '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/uwsgi_params' \
        || cp conf/uwsgi_params '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/uwsgi_params \
        '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/uwsgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/scgi_params' \
        || cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/scgi_params \
        '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/scgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf' \
        || cp conf/Nginx.conf '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf'
cp conf/Nginx.conf '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/html' \
        || cp -R html '/usr/local/Nginx1.11'
test -d '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/Nginx1.11/logs'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/dell/Nginx-1.11.11'
dell@dell:~/Nginx-1.11.11$
dell@dell:~$ whereis Nginx
Nginx: /usr/local/Nginx1.11
#运行Nginx
dell@dell:/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo /usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx
#检查Nginx是否占用80端口
dell@dell:/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo netstat -lpn|grep :80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8166/Nginx
dell@dell:/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo netstat -lpn|grep :8080
dell@dell:/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl start
dell@dell:/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo netstat -lpn|grep :8080
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      8203/httpd
dell@dell:/usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin$

安装成功截图如下。

编辑Nginx配置文件。

dell@dell:~$ sudo vim /usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf

该文件可以修改服务器http监听端口、服务器名称等多项设置。

#重启服务
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx -s reload
#停止服务
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx -s stop
#启动服务
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx
#测试服务，请检查-t和-T区别
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx -t
Nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf Syntax is ok
Nginx: configuration file /usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf test is successful
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/Nginx1.11/sbin/Nginx -T
Nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf Syntax is ok
Nginx: configuration file /usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/Nginx.conf:

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/Nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.PHP$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.PHP$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.PHP;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files,if Apache's document root
        # concurs with Nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-,name-,and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

# configuration file /usr/local/Nginx1.11/conf/mime.types:

types {
    text/html                             html htm shtml;
    text/css                              css;
    text/xml                              xml;
    image/gif                             gif;
    image/jpeg                            jpeg jpg;
    application/javascript                js;
    application/atom+xml                  atom;
    application/RSS+xml                   RSS;

    text/mathml                           mml;
    text/plain                            txt;
    text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor      jad;
    text/vnd.wap.wml                      wml;
    text/x-component                      htc;

    image/png                             png;
    image/tiff                            tif tiff;
    image/vnd.wap.wbmp                    wbmp;
    image/x-icon                          ico;
    image/x-jng                           jng;
    image/x-ms-bmp                        bmp;
    image/svg+xml                         svg svgz;
    image/webp                            webp;

    application/font-woff                 woff;
    application/java-archive              jar war ear;
    application/json                      json;
    application/mac-binhex40              hqx;
    application/msword                    doc;
    application/pdf                       pdf;
    application/postscript                ps eps ai;
    application/rtf                       rtf;
    application/vnd.apple.mpegurl         m3u8;
    application/vnd.ms-excel              xls;
    application/vnd.ms-fontobject         eot;
    application/vnd.ms-powerpoint         ppt;
    application/vnd.wap.wmlc              wmlc;
    application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml  kml;
    application/vnd.google-earth.kmz      kmz;
    application/x-7z-compressed           7z;
    application/x-cocoa                   cco;
    application/x-java-archive-diff       jardiff;
    application/x-java-jnlp-file          jnlp;
    application/x-makeself                run;
    application/x-perl                    pl pm;
    application/x-pilot                   prc pdb;
    application/x-rar-compressed          rar;
    application/x-redhat-package-manager  rpm;
    application/x-sea                     sea;
    application/x-shockwave-flash         swf;
    application/x-stuffit                 sit;
    application/x-tcl                     tcl tk;
    application/x-x509-ca-cert            der pem crt;
    application/x-xpinstall               xpi;
    application/xhtml+xml                 xhtml;
    application/xspf+xml                  xspf;
    application/zip                       zip;

    application/octet-stream              bin exe dll;
    application/octet-stream              deb;
    application/octet-stream              dmg;
    application/octet-stream              iso img;
    application/octet-stream              msi msp msm;

    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document    docx;
    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet          xlsx;
    application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation  pptx;

    audio/midi                            mid midi kar;
    audio/mpeg                            mp3;
    audio/ogg                             ogg;
    audio/x-m4a                           m4a;
    audio/x-realaudio                     ra;

    video/3gpp                            3gpp 3gp;
    video/mp2t                            ts;
    video/mp4                             mp4;
    video/mpeg                            mpeg mpg;
    video/quicktime                       mov;
    video/webm                            webm;
    video/x-flv                           flv;
    video/x-m4v                           m4v;
    video/x-mng                           mng;
    video/x-ms-asf                        asx asf;
    video/x-ms-wmv                        wmv;
    video/x-msvideo                       avi;
}

dell@dell:~$