【tensorflow2.0】使用TPU训练模型

如果想尝试使用Google Colab上的TPU来训练模型,也是非常方便,仅需添加6行代码。

在Colab笔记本中:修改->笔记本设置->硬件加速器 中选择 TPU

注:以下代码只能在Colab 上才能正确执行。

可通过以下colab链接测试效果《tf_TPU》:

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XCIhATyE1R7lq6uwFlYlRsUr5d9_-r1s

%tensorflow_version 2.x
import tensorflow as tf
print(tf.__version__)
from tensorflow.keras import * 

一,准备数据

MAX_LEN = 300
BATCH_SIZE = 32
(x_train,y_train),(x_test,y_test) = datasets.reuters.load_data()
x_train = preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences(x_train,maxlen=MAX_LEN)
x_test = preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences(x_test,1)">MAX_LEN)
 
MAX_WORDS = x_train.max()+1
CAT_NUM = y_train.max()+1
 
ds_train = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_train,y_train)) \
          .shuffle(buffer_size = 1000).batch(BATCH_SIZE) \
          .prefetch(tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE).cache()
 
ds_test = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_test,y_test)) \
          .shuffle(buffer_size = 1000).batch(BATCH_SIZE) \
          .prefetch(tf.data.experimental.AUTOTUNE).cache()

二,定义模型

tf.keras.backend.clear_session()
def create_model():
 
    model = models.Sequential()
 
    model.add(layers.Embedding(MAX_WORDS,7,input_length=MAX_LEN))
    model.add(layers.Conv1D(filters = 64,kernel_size = 5,activation = "relu"))
    model.add(layers.MaxPool1D(2))
    model.add(layers.Conv1D(filters = 32,kernel_size = 3,1)">))
    model.add(layers.Flatten())
    model.add(layers.Dense(CAT_NUM,activation = softmax))
    return(model)
 
 compile_model(model):
    model.compile(optimizer=optimizers.Nadam(),loss=losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),metrics=[metrics.SparseCategoricalAccuracy(),metrics.SparseTopKCategoricalAccuracy(5)]) 
    return(model)

三,训练模型

# 增加以下6行代码
 os
resolver = tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.TPUClusterResolver(tpu='grpc://' + os.environ[COLAB_TPU_ADDR'])
tf.config.experimental_connect_to_cluster(resolver)
tf.tpu.experimental.initialize_tpu_system(resolver)
strategy = tf.distribute.experimental.TPUStrategy(resolver)
with strategy.scope():
    model = create_model()
    model.summary()
    model = compile_model(model)
INFO:tensorflow:Initializing the TPU system: grpc://10.62.22.122:8470
INFO:tensorflow:Initializing the TPU system: grpc://10.62.22.122:8470
INFO:tensorflow:Clearing out eager caches
INFO:tensorflow:Clearing out eager caches
INFO:tensorflow:Finished initializing TPU system.
INFO:tensorflow:Finished initializing TPU system.
INFO:tensorflow:Found TPU system:
INFO:tensorflow:Found TPU system:
INFO:tensorflow:*** Num TPU Cores: 8
INFO:tensorflow:*** Num TPU Cores: 8
INFO:tensorflow:*** Num TPU Workers: 1
INFO:tensorflow:*** Num TPU Cores Per Worker: 8
INFO:tensorflow:*** Available Device: _DeviceAttributes(/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0,CPU,0)
INFO:tensorflow:*** Available Device: _DeviceAttributes(/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:XLA_CPU:0,XLA_CPU,0)
INFO:tensorflow:*** Available Device: _DeviceAttributes(/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/device:TPU:0,TPU,0)
INFO:tensorflow:*** Available Device: _DeviceAttributes(/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/device:TPU:1,0)
INFO:tensorflow:*** Available Device: _DeviceAttributes(/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/device:TPU:2*** Available Device: _DeviceAttributes(/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/device:TPU:4*** Available Device: _DeviceAttributes(/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/device:TPU:6device:TPU_SYSTEM:0,TPU_SYSTEM,0)
Model: sequential"
_________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
embedding (Embedding)        (None,300,7)            216874    

conv1d (Conv1D)              (None,296,64)           2304      

max_pooling1d (MaxPooling1D) (None,148,64)           0         

conv1d_1 (Conv1D)            (None,146,32)           6176      

max_pooling1d_1 (MaxPooling1 (None,73,32)            0         

flatten (Flatten)            (None,2336)              0         

dense (Dense)                (None,46)                107502    
=================================================================
Total params: 332,856
Trainable params: 332,1)">
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
history = model.fit(ds_train,validation_data = ds_test,epochs = 10)

前面的都没问题,最后运行上面这句话时colab崩溃了,colab自动重启,不知道是什么原因,下面是原书中的结果:

Train for 281 steps,validate for 71 steps
Epoch 1/10
281/281 [==============================] - 12s 43ms/step - loss: 3.4466 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.4332 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7180 - val_loss: 3.3179 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5352 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7195
Epoch 2/10
281/281 [==============================] - 6s 20ms/step - loss: 3.3251 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5405 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7302 - val_loss: 3.3082 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5463 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7235
Epoch 3/10
281/281 [==============================] - 6s 20ms/step - loss: 3.2961 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5729 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7280 - val_loss: 3.3026 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5499 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7217
Epoch 4/10
281/281 [==============================] - 5s 19ms/step - loss: 3.2751 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5924 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7276 - val_loss: 3.2957 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5543 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7217
Epoch 5/10
281/281 [==============================] - 5s 19ms/step - loss: 3.2655 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6008 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7290 - val_loss: 3.3022 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5490 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7231
Epoch 6/10
281/281 [==============================] - 5s 19ms/step - loss: 3.2616 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6041 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7295 - val_loss: 3.3015 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5503 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7235
Epoch 7/10
281/281 [==============================] - 6s 21ms/step - loss: 3.2595 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6059 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7322 - val_loss: 3.3064 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5454 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7266
Epoch 8/10
281/281 [==============================] - 6s 21ms/step - loss: 3.2591 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6063 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7327 - val_loss: 3.3025 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5481 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7231
Epoch 9/10
281/281 [==============================] - 5s 19ms/step - loss: 3.2588 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6062 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7332 - val_loss: 3.2992 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5521 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7257
Epoch 10/10
281/281 [==============================] - 5s 18ms/step - loss: 3.2577 - sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.6073 - sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7363 - val_loss: 3.2981 - val_sparse_categorical_accuracy: 0.5516 - val_sparse_top_k_categorical_accuracy: 0.7306
CPU times: user 18.9 s,sys: 3.86 s,total: 22.7 s
Wall time: 1min 1s

 

参考:

开源电子书地址:https://lyhue1991.github.io/eat_tensorflow2_in_30_days/

GitHub 项目地址:https://github.com/lyhue1991/eat_tensorflow2_in_30_days

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