如何在Spring Boot和RabbitMQ中配置和receiveAndConvert jSON有效负载到域对象

最近,我对使用Spring Boot的微服务架构产生了浓厚的兴趣.我的实现有两个Spring启动应用程序;

Application One接收来自RESTful API的请求,将jSON有效负载转换并发送到RabbitMQ队列A.

应用程序二,已订阅queueA,接收jSON有效负载(域对象用户),并且应该激活Application Two中的服务,例如.向用户发送电子邮件.

在我的Application Two配置中不使用XML,如何配置将从RabbitMQ接收的jSON有效负载转换为域对象用户的转换器.

以下是Application Two上Spring Boot配置的摘录

Application.class

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableRabbit
public class ApplicationInitializer implements CommandLineRunner {

    final static String queueName = "user-registration";

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Autowired
    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context;

    @Bean
    Queue queue() {
        return new Queue(queueName,false);
    }

    @Bean
    TopicExchange topicExchange() {
        return new TopicExchange("user-registrations");
    }

    @Bean
    Binding binding(Queue queue,TopicExchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(queueName);
    }

    @Bean
    SimpleMessageListenerContainer container(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
        container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        container.setQueueNames(queueName);
        container.setMessageListener(listenerAdapter);
        return container;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ApplicationInitializer.class,args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Waiting for messages...");
    }

}

TestService.java

@Component
public class TestService {

    /**
     * This test verifies whether this consumer receives message off the user-registration queue
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = "user-registration")
    public void testReceiveNewUserNotificationMessage(User user) {
        // do something like,convert payload to domain object user and send email to this user
    }

}

最佳答案

我遇到了同样的问题,经过一些研究和测试,我了解到,在SpringBoot中配置RabbitMQ-Receiver的方法不止一种,但选择一个并坚持下去非常重要.

如果您决定使用Annotation Driven Listener Endpoint,我使用的是@EnableRabbit和@RabbitListener,那么您发布的配置对我来说并不适用.有效的是以下内容：

从org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListenerConfigurer派生您的配置类,并重写方法configureRabbitListeners,如下所示：

 @Override
public void configureRabbitListeners(
        RabbitListenerEndpointRegistrar registrar) {
    registrar.setMessageHandlerMethodFactory(myHandlerMethodFactory());
}

并添加MessageHandlerFactory：

@Bean
public DefaultMessageHandlerMethodFactory myHandlerMethodFactory() {
    DefaultMessageHandlerMethodFactory factory = new DefaultMessageHandlerMethodFactory();
    factory.setMessageConverter(new MappingJackson2MessageConverter());
    return factory;
}

此外,您需要定义SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory(就像您已经做过的那样)并自动装配相应的ConnectionFactory：

@Autowired
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;

@Bean
public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory rabbitListenerContainerFactory() {
    SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
    factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
    factory.setConcurrentConsumers(3);
    factory.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(10);
    return factory;
}

完成配置后,您需要定义Bean,它处理您的消息并继承@ RabbitListerner-Annotations.对我来说,我命名为EventResultHandler(您将其命名为TestService)：

    @Bean
public EventResultHandler eventResultHandler() {
    return new EventResultHandler();
}

然后在EventResultHandler(或TestService)中定义@ RabbitListener-Methods及其相应的队列和Payload(= POJO,您的JSON消息序列化到的地方)：

@Component
public class EventResultHandler {

    @RabbitListener(queues=Queues.QUEUE_NAME_PRESENTATION_SERVICE)
    public void handleMessage(@Payload Event event) {
        System.out.println("Event received");
        System.out.println("EventType: " + event.getType().getText());
    }
}

我省略了队列和交换所需的定义和绑定 – 你可以在一个或另一个微服务中 – 或者在RabbitMQ-Server中手动执行…但你肯定必须这样做.