ruby-on-rails – 获取“ActiveRecord :: UnknownAttributeError：unknown属性：email_confirmation”与rspec错误

运行测试时遇到这个错误.我已经检查确保所有的email_confirmations拼写正确,(除非我疯了)他们是.我有点Rails noob,所以这可能是一件简单的事情.

用户模型

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  attr_accessible :email,:email_confirmation,:first_name,:last_name,:password,:password_confirmation
  has_secure_password

  before_save { |user| user.email = email.downcase }

  validates :first_name,presence: true,length: { maximum: 25 }
  validates :last_name,length: { maximum: 25 }
  VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i
  validates :email,format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
  validates :email_confirmation,presence: true
  validates :password,length: { maximum: 6 }
  validates :password_confirmation,presence: true
end

Rspec测试

require 'spec_helper'

describe User do
  before { @user = User.new(email: "[e-mail]",first_name: "John",last_name: "Smith",password: "foobar",password_confirmation: "foobar",email_confirmation: "[e-mail]") }

  subject { @user }

  it { should respond_to(:first_name) }
  it { should respond_to(:last_name) }
  it { should respond_to(:email) }
  it { should respond_to(:email_confirmation) }
  it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
  it { should respond_to(:password) }
  it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
  it { should respond_to(:authenticate) }

  it { should be_valid }

  describe "when first name is not present" do
    before { @user.first_name = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when last name is not present" do
    before { @user.last_name = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when email is not present" do
    before { @user.email = @user.email_confirmation = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when password is not present" do
    before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = " " }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when first_name is too long" do
    before { @user.first_name = "a" * 26 }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when last_name is too long" do
    before { @user.last_name = "a" * 26 }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when email format is invalid" do
    it "should be invalid" do
      addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user@foo.
                             foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com]
      addresses.each do |invalid_address|
        @user.email = invalid_address
        @user.should_not be_valid
     end      
    end
  end

  describe "when email format is valid" do
    it "should be valid" do
      addresses = %w[[e-mail] [e-mail] [e-mail] [e-mail]]
      addresses.each do |valid_address|
        @user.email = valid_address
        @user.should be_valid
      end      
    end
  end

  describe "when email address is already taken" do
    before do
      user_with_same_email = @user.dup
      user_with_same_email.email = @user.email.upcase
      user_with_same_email.save
    end

    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
    before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when email doesn't match confirmation" do
    before { @user.email_confirmation = "[e-mail]" }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when password confirmation is nil" do
    before { @user.password_confirmation = nil }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "when email confirmation is nil" do
    before { @user.email_confirmation = nil }
    it { should_not be_valid }
  end

  describe "with a password that's too short" do
    before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 }
    it { should be_invalid }
  end

  describe "return value of authenticate method" do
    before { @user.save }
    let(:found_user) { User.find_by_email(@user.email) }

    describe "with valid password" do
      it { should == found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
    end

    describe "with invalid password" do
      let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }

      it { should_not == user_for_invalid_password }
      specify { user_for_invalid_password.should be_false }
    end
  end
end

schema.rb

ActiveRecord::Schema.define(:version => 20130417021135) do

  create_table "users",:force => true do |t|
    t.string   "first_name"
    t.string   "last_name"
    t.string   "email"
    t.datetime "created_at",:null => false
    t.datetime "updated_at",:null => false
    t.string   "password_digest"
  end

  add_index "users",["email"],:name => "index_users_on_email",:unique => true

end

解决方法

您收到UnkNownAttributeError,因为您的用户表中没有一个名为email_confirmation的列.默认情况下,ActiveRecord将查找与您用于构建模型的属性相同的DB列,但此行正在尝试构造具有数据库不知道的属性的用户：

before { @user = User.new(email: "[e-mail]",email_confirmation: "[e-mail]") }

您真的打算将电子邮件确认保存在数据库中,还是只是想在保存之前检查它与电子邮件相匹配？我假设后者,而Rails实际上已经内置了支持：

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates :email,:confirmation => true
  validates :email_confirmation,:presence => true
end

查看有关Rails Guide to Validations或validates_confirmation_of api文档的更多详细信息. (你可能需要做同样的事情：password_confirmation.)