PostgreSQL 插件之 system_stats:监控服务器 CPU、内存、磁盘和网络

大家好,我是只谈技术不剪发的 Tony 老师。今天给大家介绍一个新的 PostgreSQL 扩展插件:system_stats。

system_stats 是由 EnterpriseDB 开源的一个 PostgreSQL 扩展插件,提供了数据库服务器 CPU、内存、磁盘和网络相关的统计指标,可以用于替代操作系统级别的监控。

安装 system_stats

system_stats 源文件位于 GitHub,支持 Linux、macOS 以及 Windows 操作系统。

对于 Linux 和 macOS,可以使用 PGXS 框架进行编译安装:

tar -zxvf system_stats-1.0.tar.gz
cd system_stats-1.0
PATH="/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH" make USE_PGXS=1
sudo PATH="/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH" make install USE_PGXS=1

对于 Windows,可以使用 Visual Studio 进行编译安装:

  • 将源文件下载并解压到 $PGSRC/contrib/system_stats;
  • 设置环境变量 PG_INCLUDE_DIR 和 PG_LIB_DIR,例如:
    PG_INCLUDE_DIR=C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\12\include
    PG_LIB_DIR=C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\12\lib
    
  • 打开 Visual Studio 项目文件system_stats.vcxproj 进行编译。

另外,也可以通过 yum.postgresql.org 下载 RPM 包进行安装。

然后,连接数据库并安装插件:

hrdb=> CREATE EXTENSION system_stats;
CREATE EXTENSION

使用 system_stats 需要 monitor_system_stats 角色权限或者 superuser,可以使用以下语句进行授权:

hrdb=> grant monitor_system_stats to nagios;
GRANT ROLE

接下来我们看看 system_stats 提供了哪些函数。

pg_sys_os_info() 函数

pg_sys_os_info() 函数可以用于获取操作系统相关的信息。例如:

hrdb=> \x
Expanded display is on.

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_os_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]-------+---------------------------------
name                | "CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"         +
                    | 
version             | Linux 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64
host_name           | sqlhost
domain_name         | (none)
handle_count        | 5632
process_count       | 199
thread_count        | 525
architecture        | x86_64
last_bootup_time    | 
os_up_since_seconds | 10309

pg_sys_cpu_info() 函数

pg_sys_cpu_info() 函数用于获取 CPU 相关的信息。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_cpu_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]------+------------------------------------------
vendor             | GenuineIntel
description        | GenuineIntel model 63 family 6
model_name         | Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v3 @ 2.40GHz
processor_type     | 
logical_processor  | 0
physical_processor | 4
no_of_cores        | 4
architecture       | x86_64
clock_speed_hz     | 2394456064
cpu_type           | 
cpu_family         | 
byte_order         | 
l1dcache_size      | 32
l1icache_size      | 32
l2cache_size       | 256
l3cache_size       | 15360

pg_sys_cpu_usage_info() 函数

pg_sys_cpu_usage_info() 函数用于获取 CPU 使用信息,按照 CPU 占用时间百分比显示。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_cpu_usage_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]-------------------+----
usermode_normal_process_percent | 0
usermode_niced_process_percent  | 0
kernelmode_process_percent      | 0
idle_mode_percent               | 100
io_completion_percent           | 0
servicing_irq_percent           | 0
servicing_softirq_percent       | 0
user_time_percent               | 
processor_time_percent          | 
privileged_time_percent         | 
interrupt_time_percent          | 

pg_sys_memory_info() 函数

pg_sys_memory_info() 函数用于获取内存使用信息,单位为字节。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_memory_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]----+-----------
total_memory     | 4142108672
used_memory      | 3824459776
free_memory      | 317648896
swap_total       | 2147479552
swap_used        | 0
swap_free        | 2147479552
cache_total      | 2108534784
kernel_total     | 
kernel_paged     | 
kernel_non_paged | 
total_page_file  | 
avail_page_file  |

pg_sys_io_analysis_info() 函数

pg_sys_io_analysis_info() 函数用于获取块设备的 I/O 性能分析。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_io_analysis_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]-+-----------
device_name   | sdb
total_reads   | 4673
total_writes  | 11215
read_bytes    | 593527808
write_bytes   | 258909184
read_time_ms  | 110966
write_time_ms | 368935
-[ RECORD 2 ]-+-----------
device_name   | sdb1
total_reads   | 4642
total_writes  | 5556
read_bytes    | 591815680
write_bytes   | 258909184
read_time_ms  | 110804
write_time_ms | 314021
-[ RECORD 3 ]-+-----------
device_name   | sda
total_reads   | 18147
total_writes  | 21426
read_bytes    | 1220719104
write_bytes   | 712343040
read_time_ms  | 378269
write_time_ms | 1152711
...

pg_sys_disk_info() 函数

pg_sys_disk_info() 函数用于获取磁盘信息。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_disk_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]----+------------------------
mount_point      | /
file_system      | rootfs
drive_letter     | 
drive_type       | 
file_system_type | rootfs
total_space      | 39709573120
used_space       | 30819479552
free_space       | 8890093568
total_inodes     | 17583816
used_inodes      | 219948
free_inodes      | 17363868
-[ RECORD 2 ]----+------------------------
mount_point      | /
file_system      | /dev/mapper/centos-root
drive_letter     | 
drive_type       | 
file_system_type | xfs
total_space      | 39709573120
used_space       | 30819479552
free_space       | 8890093568
total_inodes     | 17583816
used_inodes      | 219948
free_inodes      | 17363868
-[ RECORD 3 ]----+------------------------
mount_point      | /boot
file_system      | /dev/sda1
drive_letter     | 
drive_type       | 
file_system_type | xfs
total_space      | 1063256064
used_space       | 258994176
free_space       | 804261888
total_inodes     | 524288
used_inodes      | 354
free_inodes      | 523934
...

pg_sys_load_avg_info() 函数

pg_sys_load_avg_info() 函数用于获取系统在 1、5、10 和 15 分钟内的平均负载。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_load_avg_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]------------+-----
load_avg_one_minute      | 0.16
load_avg_five_minutes    | 0.08
load_avg_ten_minutes     | 0.06
load_avg_fifteen_minutes | 

pg_sys_process_info() 函数

pg_sys_process_info() 函数用于获取进程数量信息。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_process_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]------+----
total_processes    | 199
running_processes  | 1
sleeping_processes | 198
stopped_processes  | 0
zombie_processes   | 0

pg_sys_network_info() 函数

pg_sys_network_info() 函数用于获取网络接口信息。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_network_info();
-[ RECORD 1 ]---+---------------
interface_name  | lo
ip_address      | 127.0.0.1
tx_bytes        | 2529261
tx_packets      | 5136
tx_errors       | 0
tx_dropped      | 0
rx_bytes        | 2529261
rx_packets      | 5136
rx_errors       | 0
rx_dropped      | 0
link_speed_mbps | 0
-[ RECORD 2 ]---+---------------
interface_name  | enp0s3
ip_address      | 10.0.2.15
tx_bytes        | 2827967
tx_packets      | 41026
tx_errors       | 0
tx_dropped      | 0
rx_bytes        | 131550730
rx_packets      | 123962
rx_errors       | 0
rx_dropped      | 0
link_speed_mbps | 1000
-[ RECORD 3 ]---+---------------
interface_name  | enp0s8
ip_address      | 192.168.56.104
tx_bytes        | 2947505
tx_packets      | 4640
tx_errors       | 0
tx_dropped      | 0
rx_bytes        | 1019052
rx_packets      | 9951
rx_errors       | 0
rx_dropped      | 0
link_speed_mbps | 1000

pg_sys_cpu_memory_by_process() 函数

pg_sys_cpu_memory_by_process() 函数用于获取每个进程的 CPU 和内存使用信息。例如:

hrdb=> select * from pg_sys_cpu_memory_by_process();
-[ RECORD 1 ]---------+--------------
pid                   | 1
name                  | (systemd)
running_since_seconds | 12630
cpu_usage             | 0
memory_usage          | 0.1
memory_bytes          | 4272128
-[ RECORD 2 ]---------+--------------
pid                   | 2
name                  | (kthreadd)
running_since_seconds | 12630
cpu_usage             | 0
memory_usage          | 0
memory_bytes          | 0
-[ RECORD 3 ]---------+--------------
pid                   | 3
name                  | (ksoftirqd/0)
running_since_seconds | 12630
cpu_usage             | 0
memory_usage          | 0
memory_bytes          | 0
...

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