PHP笔记二:字符串处理相关方法

本文记录PHP处理字符串的方法包括普通字符串处理以及正则表达式处理字符串方法

目录

更详细PHP语法和函数介绍可参考官方文档:https://www.php.net/manual/zh/,本文仅记录了部分我使用到的一些方法

本文使用的PHP版本为PHP 8.1.1

PHP基本语法

1、PHP语言标记

<?PHP //开始
?> //结束

2、PHP代码可以嵌入到HTML代码

3、使用分号分隔指令,文件末尾的 PHP 代码段结束标记可以不要,结束标志 ?> 隐含了一个分号。

4、注释

/*
多行注释
*/
//单行注释

示例代码

<?PHP echo 'Hello World!' ?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">

<head>
    <Meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title> PHP Demo <?PHP echo '演示'; ?></title>
</head>

<body>
    <br />
    <?PHP echo 'To the time to life, ' ?>
    <br />
    <?PHP echo 'rather than to life in time.';
    /*
    多行注释
    */
    //单行注释
    ?>
</body>

</html>

浏览器访问地址 http://localhost:8081/demo/

字符串处理

PHP提供了很多字符串处理相关函数,这里记录我使用到的部分方法

1. 字符串分割

语法:explode(string $separator, string $string, int $limit = PHP_INT_MAX): array,返回字符串数组

举例:

<?PHP
$str = 'one,two,three';
print_r(explode(',',$str));
echo "<br/>";

print_r(explode(',',$str,2));
echo "<br/>";

$str1 = 'one
         two
         three';
print_r(explode(PHP_EOL,$str1));
?>

结果:

Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [2] => three )
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two,three )
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [2] => three )

2. 用字符串连接数组元素

implode支持将数组元素拼接成字符串:implode(string $separator, array $array): string

举例:

<?PHP
/* implode */
$array = ['one', 'two', 'three'];
print_r(implode(",", $array)); 

?>

结果:

one,two,three

3. 字符串切片

使用 substr 方法来返回字符串的子串。

  • substr($string, $offset, $length = null)

举例:

<?PHP
/* substr */
$str = 'abcdefgh';
echo substr($str, -2) . "<br />\n";     // gh
echo substr($str, -2, 1) . "<br />\n";  // g
echo substr($str, 0, 1) . "<br />\n";   // a
echo substr($str, 0, -1) . "<br />\n";  // abcdefg
echo substr($str, 2, 3) . "<br />\n";   // cde
echo substr($str, -3, -1) . "<br />\n"; // fg

?>

4. 字符替换

str_replace(mixed $search, mixed $replace, mixed $subject, int &$count = ?): mixed - 字符替换,区分大小写。

str_ireplace() - 不区分大小写的替换。

举例:

<?PHP
/* str_replace */
$str="one,two,three";
print_r(str_replace('t','T',$str,$count));
echo "<br/>";
print_r($count);
echo "<br/>";

/* str_ireplace */
$str="one,two,Three";
print_r(str_ireplace('T','3',$str,$count));
echo "<br/>";

?>

结果:

one,Two,Three
2
one,3wo,3hree

5. 大小写转换

常用大小写转换方法

  • strtolower - 将字母字符转换为小写。
  • strtoupper - 将字母字符转换为大写。
  • ucfirst - 首字母转换为大写。
  • lcfirst - 首字母转换为小写。
  • ucwords - 将字符串每个单词的首字符转换成大写。

举例:

<?PHP
/* strtolower */
$str = 'One,Two,Three';
echo strtolower($str) . "<br />\n";

/* strtoupper */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo strtoupper($str) . "<br />\n";

/* ucfirst */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo ucfirst($str) . "<br />\n";

/* lcfirst */
$str = 'One,Two,Three';
echo lcfirst($str) . "<br />\n";

/* ucwords */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo ucwords($str,',') . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

one,two,three
ONE,TWO,THREE
One,two,three
one,Two,Three
One,Two,Three

6. 字符ASCII 码相互转换

① 字符转ASCII 码:ord($string)

② ASCII 码转字符:

举例:

<?PHP
/* ord */
$str = 'A';
echo "Char: ". $str .", ASCII: " .ord($str) . "<br />\n";

/* chr */
echo "Char: ". chr(ord($str) + 1) . "<br />\n";

/* sprintf */
echo sprintf("Char: %c <br />\n", ord($str) + 2);

?>

结果:

Char: A, ASCII: 65
Char: B
Char: C

7. 将字符串解析成多个变量

parse_str - 一般用于解析URL中的参数。

举例:

<?PHP
/* parse_str */
$str = 'one=1&two=2&arr[]=3&arr[]=4';
parse_str($str, $output);

print_r($output);
echo "<br />\n";
print_r($output['arr']);
echo "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

Array ( [one] => 1 [two] => 2 [arr] => Array ( [0] => 3 [1] => 4 ) )
Array ( [0] => 3 [1] => 4 )

8. 字符查询

几种字符串查询方法

  • substr_count( $haystack, $needle, $offset = 0, $length = null) - 计算子串出现的次数
  • strstr( $haystack, $needle, $before_needle = false) - 查找字符串的首次出现
  • strrchr( $haystack, $needle) - 查找指定字符在字符串中的最后一次出现
  • strpos($haystack, $needle, $offset = 0) - 查找字符串首次出现的位置(区分大小写)
  • stripos($haystack, $needle, $offset = 0) - 查找字符串首次出现的位置(不区分大小写)
  • strrpos($haystack, $needle, $offset = 0) - 计算指定字符串在目标字符串中最后一次出现的位置(区分大小写)
  • strripos($haystack, $needle, $offset = 0) - 计算指定字符串在目标字符串中最后一次出现的位置(不区分大小写)
  • strpbrk($haystack, $char_list) - 在字符串中查找一组字符的任何一个字符

举例:

<?PHP
/* substr_count */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo "substr_count: " . substr_count($str,',') . "<br />\n";

/* strstr */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo "strstr: " . strstr($str,',') . "<br />\n";
echo "strstr: " . strstr($str,',', true) . "<br />\n";

/* strrchr */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo "strrchr: " . strrchr($str,',') . "<br />\n";

/* strpos */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "strpos: " . strpos($str,'T') . "<br />\n";

/* stripos */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "stripos: " . stripos($str,'T') . "<br />\n";

/* strrpos */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "strrpos: " . strrpos($str,'t') . "<br />\n";

/* strripos */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "strripos: " . strripos($str,'t') . "<br />\n";

/* strpbrk */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "strpbrk: " . strpbrk($str,'nt') . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

substr_count: 2
strstr: ,two,three
strstr: one
strrchr: ,three
strpos: 8
stripos: 4
strrpos: 4
strripos: 8
strpbrk: ne,two,Three

9. HTML字符转换

htmlspecialchars_decode($string, $flags = ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML401) — 将特殊的 HTML 实体转换回普通字符

htmlspecialchars ( $string, $flags = ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML401, $encoding = ini_get("default_charset"), $double_encode = true) - 将特殊字符转换为 HTML 实体

举例:

<?PHP
/* htmlspecialchars_decode */
$str = '&quot;http://www.baidu.com&quot;';
echo htmlspecialchars_decode($str) . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

<?PHP
"http://www.baidu.com"
    
?>

10. 过滤变量

filter_var - 使用特定的过滤器过滤一个变量

举例:提取字符串中的数字

<?PHP

// 方法1
$str = 'one,two,Three,4';
echo "number: " . filter_var($str, FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT) . "<br />\n";
// 方法2
preg_match_all('!\d+!', $str, $matches);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";
// 方法3
$str2 = preg_replace('/[^0-9]/', '', $str);
echo "number: " . $str2 . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

number: 4
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4
        )

)
number: 4

正则表达式处理字符串

1. 正则匹配

举例:

<?PHP

/* preg_match */
$str = 'http://www.baidu.com/ https://www.qq.com/';
$pattern = '/(https|http):\/\//';
$isMatched = preg_match($pattern, $str, $matches);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";

/* preg_match_all */
$isMatched = preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $matches);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";

$isMatched = preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";

$isMatched = preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $matches, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";

$str = '<img src="/zentao/file-read-95.png" alt="" /><img src="/zentao/file-read-96.png" alt="" />';
$pattern = '/src=\".*?([0-9]+).(.*?)\"/';
preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $diagrams);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($diagrams);
echo "</pre>";

?>

结果:

Array
(
    [0] => http://
    [1] => http
)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => http://
            [1] => https://
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => http
            [1] => https
        )

)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => http://
            [1] => http
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => https://
            [1] => https
        )

)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => http://
            [1] => https://
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => http
            [1] => https
        )

)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => src="/zentao/file-read-95.png"
            [1] => src="/zentao/file-read-96.png"
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 95
            [1] => 96
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => png
            [1] => png
        )

)

2. 分割字符串

  • preg_split(string $pattern, string $subject, int $limit = -1, int $flags = 0): array

举例:

<?PHP

/* preg_split */
$str = 'http://www.baidu.com/ https://www.qq.com/';
$pattern = '/(https|http):\/\//';
$chars = preg_split($pattern, $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($chars);
echo "</pre>";

$chars = preg_split($pattern, $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($chars);
echo "</pre>";

$chars = preg_split($pattern, $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($chars);
echo "</pre>";

?>

结果:

Array
(
    [0] => www.baidu.com/ 
    [1] => www.qq.com/
)
Array
(
    [0] => 
    [1] => http
    [2] => www.baidu.com/ 
    [3] => https
    [4] => www.qq.com/
)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 
            [1] => 0
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => www.baidu.com/ 
            [1] => 7
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => www.qq.com/
            [1] => 30
        )

)

输出

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => src="/zentao/file-read-95.png"
            [1] => src="/zentao/file-read-96.png"
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 95
            [1] => 96
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => png
            [1] => png
        )

)

3. 正则替换

preg_replace 可以进行正则表达式的搜索和替换。

举例:

<?PHP
    
/* preg_replace */
$str = 'http://www.baidu.com/ https://www.qq.com/';
$pattern = '/(https|http):\/\//';
$replacement = '';
$newStr = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $str);
echo $newStr . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

www.baidu.com/ www.qq.com/

参考资料:

  1. 字符串函数https://www.php.net/manual/zh/ref.strings.php
  2. 正则表达式函数https://www.php.net/manual/zh/ref.pcre.php
  3. PHP官方文档:https://www.php.net/manual/zh/
--THE END--

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