在PHP中使用自定义类的最佳方法是什么？

我知道你有些人会假设接口或抽象,但这只能处理一些情况.这是他们打破的一个例子.

假设我们有类实现相同的接口并扩展相同的基础

  class car extends fourwheeler implements ipaygas{       

    protected $tank1;

    //interface
    public function payGas($amount){}

  }

  class sportscar extends fourwheeler implements ipaygas{

    protected $tank1;
    protected $tank2;

    //interface
    public function payGas($amount){}

  }

  interface ipaygas{

    function payGas($amount);
  }

在某些情况下,您只需要一个界面,因为您可能只想执行’payGas()’.但是当你有条件要做时,你会怎么做.

例如,如果 – 在支付燃气之前,您需要(1)检查汽车类型,(2)使用跑车的优质汽油,以及(3)填充跑车的第二个油箱.

这是我想要做的但是不能做到的

   function pumpAndPay(iPayGas $car){
     if(gettype($car) == "car"){
       fillTank($car,(car) $car->tank1);
     }else{
       fillTank($car,(sportscar) $car->tank1);
       fillTank($car,(sportscar) $car->tank2);
     }
   }

我怎么能用真正的类型铸造呢？在PHP中有可能吗？

更新(根据回复)：
在我的’真实’案例中……想象一下我必须检查各种车型,每种车型都有不同的油漆,车身,内饰,gas_type,cleaner_type,颜色等……

   abstract class AVechicle{}
   abstract class ACar extends AVechicle{}
   abstract class ATruckOrSUV extends AVechicle{}
   abstract class ABike extends AVechicle{}

   class Car extends ACar{}
   class SportsCar extends ACar{}
   class SUV extends ATruckOrSUV{}
   class Truck extends ATruckOrSUV{}
   class Bike extends ABike{}
   class Scooter extends ABike{}

   class Gasstation{

     public function cleanVehicle(AVehicle $car){
       //assume we need to check the car type to kNow
       //what type of cleaner to use and how to clean the car
       //if the car has leather or bucket seats

       //imagine we have to add an extra $2/h for sports cars

       //imagine a truck needs special treatment tires
       //or needs inspection
     }

     public function pumpAndPay(AVehicle $car){
       //need to kNow vehicle type to get gas type

       //maybe we have a special for scooters only, Green Air campaign etc.
     }

     public function fullService(AVehicle $car){
       //need to kNow if its a truck to do inspection FirsT

       $this->cleanVehicle($car);
       $this->pumpAndPay($car);

       //bikes get 10% off
       //cars get free carwash
     }

   }

接口和摘要本身只会到目前为止……

解决方法:

简短回答你的问题,不,你不能将对象重铸到另一个对象.

然而,Dan Lee的反应非常好,接近我的建议.为什么不将fillTank作为车辆对象的属性,这样扩展车辆类的所有对象都将知道如何填充自己的坦克.像这样的东西：

abstract class Vehicle
{
    protected $tank1;
    protected $tank2;

    // Declaring an abstract function in parent class forces all child class to 
    // implement same class
    abstract public function fillGas() {}
}

class Car extends Vehicle
{
    public function fillGas()
    {
        $this->tank1 = 'full';
    }
}

class SportsCar extends Vehicle
{
    public function fillGas()
    {
        $this->tank1 = 'full';
        $this->tank2 = 'full';
    }
}

class Skateboard extends Vehicle
{
    // Skateboards don't have gastanks, just here to sastify parent abstract deFinition
    public function fillGas() {}
}

当然,你的OP的一个大谬论就是你假设所有的跑车都有两个油箱,而事实并非如此.只有某些跑车有多个油箱.

另一种方法是看一下特征(available as of PHP 5.4).看起来您可以强制实现接口以及跨不扩展同一类的对象的实现.

– 更新 –

Update (Based on responses): In my ‘real’ case… imagine I have to check varIoUs Vehicle types, each with different paint, body, interior, gas_type, cleaner_type, color, etc…

你提到的所有这些属性都是车辆属性,而不是gastation,fillstation,parkinglot等属性,因此我会将所有这些属性添加到车辆类中,然后你可以将车辆传递给Gasstation :: cleanVehicle()工厂方法来操纵车辆属性.

下面的代码片段仅为DEMONSTRATIVE,演示了如何将上述属性附加到车辆类别,以及Gasstation类如何根据车辆类别操纵车辆属性.我在5分钟内编写了以下内容,但显然需要更多考虑正确处理工厂方法以及是否传递给其他对象等.请考虑以下内容：

abstract class Vehicle
{
    // Setting these to public for demonstration only, otherwise you should set these 
    //  to protected and write public accessors 
    public $paintType;
    public $bodyType;
    public $interior;
}

class Car extends Vehicle
{
}

class Suv extends Vehicle
{
}

class Truck extends Vehicle
{
}

class Gasstation
{
    public static function cleanVehicle(Vehicle $vehicle)
    {
        switch (get_class($vehicle)) {

            case 'Car':
                // Car specific cleaning
                break;

            case 'Truck':
                // Truck specific cleaning
                break;

            default:
                throw new Exception(sprintf('Invalid $vehicle: %s', serialize($vehicle)));
        }

        // We've gone through our vehicle specific cleaning, Now we can do generic
        if ('Leather' === $vehicle->getInterior()) {
            // Leather specific cleaning
        }

        if ('Sedan' === $vehicle->getBodyType()) {
            // Sedan specific cleaning
        }
    }
 }

$car = new Car();

$car->setPaintType = 'Glossy';
$car->setBodyType = 'Sedan';
$car->setInterior = 'Cloth';

$suv = new Suv();

$suv->setPaintType = 'Glossy';
$suv->setBodyType = 'Crossover';
$suv->setInterior = 'Leather';

$truck = new Truck();

$truck->setPaintType = 'Flat';
$truck->setBodyType = 'ClubCab';
$truck->setInterior = 'Cloth';

$vehicles = array($car, $suv, $truck);

foreach ($vehicles as $vehicle) {
    Gasstation::cleanVehicle($vehicle);
}