使用RMAN对数据文件进行恢复

（1）备份数据库

在使用RMAN进行数据库恢复之前，先用RMAN进行全库备份

[oracle@redhat6 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed May 16 14:32:54 2018

Copyright (c) 1982,2009,Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1486787650)

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 16-MAY-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in 
input datafile file number00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile 00002 namesysaux01.dbf
input datafile 00003 nameundotbs01.dbf
input datafile 00005 nameexample01.dbf
input datafile 00009 namemark.bdf
input datafile 00011 nametbs01.bdf
input datafile 00012 nametbs03.dbf
input datafile 00013 nametbs04.dbf
input datafile 00004 nameusers01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 
piece handle/product/0/db_1/dbs/01t31soh_1_1 tag=TAG20180516T144121 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: set complete,elapsed time: 00:02:33
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting 00008 nametbs_32k.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece /02t31sta_1_1 tag01
including current control file current SPFILE 
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece /03t31stc_1_1 tag
Finished 18

（2）删除数据文件

查看数据库的数据文件信息：

select      t."NAME",d."NAME",d."FILE#"
from        v$tablespace  t,v$datafile d
where       t."TS#"  d."TS#"
order by t.ts#;

NAME                           NAME                                                                                  #
------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
SYSTEM                         /u01/system01.dbf                                                 1
SYSAUX                         /sysaux01.dbf                                                 2
UNDOTBS1                       /undotbs01.dbf                                                3
USERS                          /users01.dbf                                                  4
EXAMPLE                        /example01.dbf                                                5
TBS_32K                        /tbs_32k.dbf                                                  8
MARK                           /mark.bdf                                                     9
TBS01                          /tbs01.bdf                                                   11
TBS03                          /tbs03.dbf                                                   12
TBS04                          /tbs04.dbf                                                   13
10 rows selected

删除一个数据文件，这里把文件编号为13的数据文件给删除：

]$ rm -f /tbs04.dbf

 

（3）恢复数据文件

（3.1）使用list failure查看失败操作

RMAN> list failure;

List of Database Failures
=========================

Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
-------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
8          HIGH     OPEN      18     One or more non-system datafiles need media recovery
42         HIGH     13DEC17     One -system datafiles are missing

 

（3.2）使用RMAN建议来恢复丢失的文件

RMAN advise failure
2 ;

List system datafiles are missing

analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
using channel ORA_DISK_1
analyzing automatic repair options complete

Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available

Optional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If you restored the wrong version of data /tbs04.dbf,then replace it with the correct one
2. If /tbs04.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved,1)">restore it

Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
---- ------------------
1      Restore and recover datafile 13; Recover datafile 13 
  Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery  no data loss
  Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_1931299378.hm

 

最后一行给出了恢复的脚本，查看脚本

]$ more /diag/rdbms/hmreco_1931299378.hm
   # restore and recover datafile
   sql 'alter database datafile 13 offline';
   restore datafile ;
   recover datafile ;
   sql alter database datafile 13 online;
   # recover datafile
   sql ';

 

根据脚本，执行修复和恢复

RMAN>  sql ';

sql statement: alter database datafile  offline

RMAN> 13;

Starting restore at 
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile set 
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from 
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00013 to tbs04.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading backup piece 01t31soh_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handleTAG20180516T144121
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored 
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete,1); font-weight: bold">03

RMAN> recover datafile 13;

Starting recover at 
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete,elapsed time: 00

Finished recover at 13 online

 

（4）重启数据库，确认无异常

SQL> shutdown immediate;
 closed.
 dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  730714112 bytes
Fixed Size            2216944 bytes
Variable Size          314575888 bytes
Database Buffers      411041792 bytes
Redo Buffers            2879488 mounted.
Database opened.

 

完结。