Oracle RAC 搭建笔记

smartrac1 smartrac2

223.223.80.71 223.223.80.72

16.16.16.1 16.16.16.2

1.VBox5.0 安装和下载（略）

2. 先各自安装RHEL6.8，进入系统后关机。

3.创建一个磁盘为固定大小磁盘，设置为共享属性，附加到2个虚机中即可。

4. 再启动两个虚机客户端。

VMware 的模拟硬件环境搭建:(类似，只是共享盘需要用命令)

C:\ProgramFiles(x86)\VMware\VMwareWorkstation> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe-c-s10240M-alslogic-t2"C:\Sharedisk\sharedisk-1.vmdk"

C:\ProgramFiles(x86)\VMware\VMwareWorkstation>vmware-vdiskmanager.exe-c-s10240M-alslogic-t2"C:\Sharedisk\sharedisk-2.vmdk"

vmware-vdiskmanager.exe-c-s10240M-alslogic-t2"C:\Sharedisk\sharedisk-3.vmdk"

vmware-vdiskmanager.exe-c-s10240M-alslogic-t2"C:\Sharedisk\sharedisk-4.vmdk"

更改VMX文件。

disk.locking="FALSE"

scsi0:1.SharedBus="Virtual"

scsi0:2.SharedBus="Virtual"

scsi0:3.SharedBus="Virtual"

scsi0:4.SharedBus="Virtual"

disk.EnableuUID="TRUE"

5. 配置HOST:

[ root@rac1etc]# vim /etc/hosts

#127.0.0.1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost4localhost4.localdomain4rac1.sdsmart.cnrac1 --- 一定要注释掉

#::1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost6localhost6.localdomain6rac1.sdsmart.cnrac1--- 一定要注释掉

127.0.0.1 localhost

::1 localhost

#Public

223.223.83.110 rac1

223.223.83.112 rac2

#Private

16.16.16.1 rac1-pri

16.16.16.2 rac2-pri

#Virtual

223.223.83.90 rac1-vip

223.223.83.92 rac2-vip

#SCAN

223.223.83.99 rac-scan

6.配置sysctl.conf (固定不变的)

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

fs.file-max=6815744

kernel.shmmni=4096

kernel.sem=25032000100128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048586

执行

#/sbin/sysctl–p

7.修改/etc/security/limits.conf

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

gridsoftnproc2047

gridhardnproc16384

gridsoftnofile1024

gridhardnofile65536

gridsoftstack10240

gridhardstack32768

oraclesoftnproc2047

oraclehardnproc16384

oraclesoftnofile1024

oraclehardnofile65536

oraclesoftstack10240

oraclehardstack32768

8.修改/etc/pam.d/login

vim /etc/pam.d/login

sessionrequiredpam_limits.so

9.禁止网络时间服务、防火墙

servicentpdstop

chkconfigntpdoff

serviceiptablesstop

chkconfigiptablesoff

10.关闭SELinux

vi/etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

11. 创建用户、组和文件路径

groupadd-g1100oinstall

groupadd-g1200asmadmin

groupadd-g1101dba

groupadd-g1102oper

groupadd-g1201asmdba

groupadd-g1202asmoper

useradd-u1100-goinstall-Gdba,oper,asmdba-d/home/oracle-moracle

useradd-u1200-goinstall-Gasmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba-d/home/grid-mgrid

--rm /var/spool/mail/oracle

--userdel-roracle

useradd-u1100-goinstall-Gdba,asmdba-d/home/oracle-moracle

usermod-u1100-goinstall-Gdba,asmdba-d/home/oracle-moracle

useradd-u1200-goinstall-Gasmadmin,dba-d/home/grid-mgrid

usermod-u1200-goinstall-Gasmadmin,dba-d/home/grid-mgrid

12.创建目录授权

mkdir-p/u01/app/grid

mkdir-p/u01/app/11.2.0/grid

mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

mkdir-p/orasoft/ora11g

--更改属主,权限

chown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01/app

chown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle

chown-Rgrid:oinstall/orasoft/ora11g

chmod-R777/orasoft/ora11g

13.RPM包:

cd /media/ RHEL-6.8\Server.x86_64 /Packages

rpm-Uvhbinutils-2.*

rpm-Uvhcompat-libstdc++-33*

rpm-Uvhelfutils-libelf-0.*

rpm-Uvhelfutils-libelf-devel-*

rpm-Uvhgcc-4.*

rpm-Uvhgcc-c++-4.*

rpm-Uvhglibc-2.*

rpm-Uvhglibc-common-2.*

rpm-Uvhglibc-devel-2.*

rpm-Uvhglibc-headers-2.*

rpm-Uvhksh-2*

rpm-Uvhlibaio-0.*

rpm-Uvhlibaio-devel-0.*

rpm-Uvhlibgcc-4.*

rpm-Uvhlibstdc++-4.*

rpm-Uvhlibstdc++-devel-4.*

rpm-Uvhmake-3.*

rpm-Uvhsysstat-7.*

rpm-UvhunixODBC-2.*

rpm-UvhunixODBC-devel-2.*

14.搭建YUM本地仓库

[ root@rac1mnt]#cp-rf/media/RHEL-6.8\Server.x86_64/ /mnt/

[ root@rac1mnt]# mv /mnt/RHEL-6.8\Server.x86_64 /mnt/

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

vim vimrhel-source.repo

name=RedHatEnterpriseLinux$releasever-$basearch-Source

#baseurl= ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/SRPM

baseurl=file:///mnt/redhat/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

保存后，执行 yum makecache

yum install binutils

yum install compat-libstdc++-33*

yum install elfutils-libelf-0.*

yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-*

yum install gcc-4.*

yum install gcc-c++-4.*

yum install glibc-2.*

yum install glibc-common-2.*

yum install glibc-devel-2.*

yum install glibc-headers-2.*

yum install ksh-2*

yum install libaio-0.*

yum install libaio-devel-0.*

yum install libgcc-4.*

yum install libstdc++-4.*

yum install libstdc++-devel-4.*

yum install make-3.*

yum install sysstat-7.*

yum install unixODBC-2.*

yum install unixODBC-devel-2.*

15.建立用户环境变量

--grid 用户

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid;exportORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid;exportORACLE_HOME

GRID_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid;exportGRID_HOME

ORACLE_SID=+ASM2;exportORACLE_SID

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;exportTNS_ADMIN

PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch;exportPATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLAsspATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

CLAsspATH=${CLAsspATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

CLAsspATH=${CLAsspATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

CLAsspATH=${CLAsspATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

exportCLAsspATH

THREADS_FLAG=native;exportTHREADS_FLAG

exportTEMP=/tmp

exportTMPDIR=/tmp

exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS"

if[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];then

if[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];then

ulimit-p16384

ulimit-n65536

else

ulimit-u16384-n65536

--oracle 用户红字部分（rac1 改为 rac1的数据库实例名,rac2 改为 rac2 的数据库实例名)

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;exportORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;exportORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID= gnnt2;exportORACLE_SID

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;exportTNS_ADMIN

PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch;exportPATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLAsspATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

CLAsspATH=${CLAsspATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

CLAsspATH=${CLAsspATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

CLAsspATH=${CLAsspATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

exportCLAsspATH

THREADS_FLAG=native;exportTHREADS_FLAG

exportTEMP=/tmp

exportTMPDIR=/tmp

exportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS"

if[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];then

if[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];then

ulimit-p16384

ulimit-n65536

else

ulimit-u16384-n65536

16.建立SSH认证(oracle/grid) 非常重要

visshx(在oracle/grid下均建立此脚本)

mkdir-p~/.ssh

chmod-R755~/.ssh

/usr/bin/ssh-keygen-trsa

/usr/bin/ssh-keygen-tdsa

cat~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys

cat~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys

echo-n"waitanotherhost$1runfinish,presstwicekeycontinue!!!"

reada

ssh$1cat~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys

ssh$1cat~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys

chmod-R644~/.ssh/authorized_keys

--授权

chmod 755 ~/sshx

建立完毕后互相测试是否不需要密码认证非常重要

ssh rac1.sdsmart.cn date

sshrac2.sdsmart.cndate

sshrac1 date

ssh rac2 date

sshrac1-pri.sdsmart.cn date

sshrac2-pri.sdsmart.cn date

sshrac1-pub.sdsmart.cn date

sshrac2-pub.sdsmart.cn date

17.设置时间同步

vi/etc/ntp.conf

server10.135.8.100prefer

也可以本地设定日期时间：

$date-s'2016-07-11 16:55:00'

如果仅需要设置日期或者时间，可以使用date -d mm/dd/yy及date -s hh:mm:ss。

18.创建UDEV

--- 创建个文件

echo"options=--whitelisted--replace-whitespace">>/etc/scsi_id.config

---添加RULE

--5块硬盘(/dev/sdb sdc sdd sde sdf)

foriinbcd e ;

echo"KERNEL==\"sd*\",BUS==\"scsi\",PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/\$name\",RESULT==\"`/sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/sd$i`\",NAME=\"asm-disk$i\",OWNER=\"grid\",GROUP=\"asmadmin\",MODE=\"0660\"">>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

done

查看结果如下：

cat/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

rm/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

--检查是否可写

ddif=/dev/sdbof=/dev/nullbs=1Mcount=1

19. 启动UDEV

/sbin/start_udev

[ root@rac1rules.d]#cat99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBox_HARDdisK_VB1faf0bb4-32ab5fcf",NAME="asm-diskb",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",RESULT=="1ATA_VBox_HARDdisK_VB1cab8d6b-307a9107",NAME="asm-diskc",RESULT=="1ATA_VBox_HARDdisK_VBac63a170-a1d9ad9d",NAME="asm-diskd",RESULT=="1ATA_VBox_HARDdisK_VBd1c2dd31-a66738c5",NAME="asm-diske",RESULT=="1ATA_VBox_HARDdisK_VB445d4c5e-9312d88b",NAME="asm-diskf",MODE="0660"

[ root@rac1rules.d]#ls-l/dev/asm*

ls:cannotaccess/dev/asm*:Nosuchfileordirectory

[ root@rac1rules.d]#

[ root@rac1rules.d]#start_udev

Startingudev:[OK]

[ root@rac1rules.d]# ls-l/dev/asm*

brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,16Jul710:27/dev/asm-diskb

brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,32Jul710:27/dev/asm-diskc

brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,48Jul710:27/dev/asm-diskd

brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,64Jul710:27/dev/asm-diske

brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,80Jul710:27/dev/asm-diskf

[ root@rac1rules.d]#

20.rz传输压缩包，解压缩

###grid用户

unzipp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

###oracle用户

unzipp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

unzipp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

unzipp19121551_112040_Linux_x86_64.zip

检查是否正常，可进行安装

[ grid@rac1~]$cd/mnt/redhat/oracle/grid/

[ grid@rac1grid]$./runcluvfy.shstage-precrsinst-n smartrac1,smartrac2-verbose>/tmp/runcvuvfy.out

给出的报告可以忽略掉

pdksh 和 elfunits 两个组件包，也可自行安装.

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97

pdksh-5.2.14

21 安装、配置Grid的三方RPM包

cd /mnt/redhat/oracle/grid/rpm

rpm-ivhcvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

CVUQdisK_GRP=oinstall;exportCVUQdisK_GRP

22.安装GRID

需要进到主机进行图形化安装，分辨率设置再1024以上。

最后执行脚本

rac1 rac2 上执行脚本: /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

rac1 rac2 上执行脚本: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh

23.进行asmca配置

grid用户执行

asmca命令。

增加两个区:

FRA是快速恢复区，DATA是放数据文件的

需要了解的 norMAL:镜像

EXTERNAL: 独立硬盘设备。

24.安装ORACLE服务器端程序。

1.进入Oracle用户

2.图形化安装。

暂时忽略以上错误，点击下一步。

24. RAC关机顺序指令:

---rac1

su-oracle
sqlplus/assysdba
shutdownimmediate

su-grid
alterdiskgroupdatadismount;
alterdiskgroupfradismount;

---rac2

su-grid
alterdiskgroupdatamount;
alterdiskgroupframount;

上述这个步骤主要就是让oracle进行ASMINSTANCERECOVERY

su-oracle
sqlplus/assysdba
startup

---rac1
su-grid
alterdiskgroupdatamount;
alterdiskgroupframount;

su-oracle
sqlplus/assysdba
startup

异常问题处理

--卸了重装

./runInstaller -silent -deinstall -removeallfiles "REMOVE_HOMES={/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0_1}" -invPtrLoc /etc/oraInst.loc

--检查集群状态

crsctlcheckcluster

--所有Oracle实例（数据库状态）

srvctlstatusdatabase-dYMS

--节点应用程序状态

statusnodeapps

--列出所有的配置数据库

srvctlconfigdatabase

--数据库配置

srvctlconfigdatabase-dYMS-a

--手工注册监听

alter system register;

--查看RAC节点状态

crsctl stat res -t

--查看节点

crs_stat -t -v

--启动单实例

srvctl enable instance -d ractest -i ractest1

srvctl relocate scan_listener -i 1 -n rac2

--启动监听

srvctlstartlistener-nrac1

--日志路径

集群日志:

/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log

ASMINSTANCE日志：

/u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm

DBINSTANCE日志：

/u01/app/oracle/diag

//拷贝迁移虚拟机造成IP网卡无法在正常运行的方法。

1.先用ifconfig看看当前网卡的实际物理地址

2.更改 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripting 下的 ifcfg-ethXX 拷贝ifconfig看到的物理地址到 ifcfg-ethXX

3.更改 /etc/udev/rules.d/ 70 -persistent-net.rules对应的物理地址即可。

增加虚拟内存:

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