生产环境Linux二进制安装配置MySQL
一、环境检查
rpm -qa |grep libaio #如果没有安装libaio则需要安装。
df -h
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
二、安装过程
1）上传安装程序
通过FTP/SFTP上传安装包
2）创建创用户,组，创建目录
groupadd MysqL
useradd -r -g MysqL -s /bin/false MysqL
mkdir -p /MysqL/data/3306/data
这里的3306是MysqL默认端口号，/MysqL/data目录MysqL的安装目录,
/MysqL/data/3306/data是MysqL数据目录。
mkdir -p /MysqL/log/3306
3）解压安装程序包
cd /MysqL/app
tar zxvf MysqL-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
ln -s /MysqL/app/MysqL-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /MysqL/app/MysqL
4）修改权限
chown -R MysqL:MysqL /MysqL
5）配置环境变量
vi ~/.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:/MysqL/app/MysqL/bin:$HOME/bin
测试
[root@db1 ~]# MysqL --version
卸载系统自带的MysqL
yum remove MysqL
[root@db1 ~]# which MysqL
/MysqL/app/MysqL/bin/MysqL
6）准备参数文件
MysqL 默认读取此路径的/etc/my.cnf配置文件.
cd /MysqL/data/3306/
touch /MysqL/log/3306/itpuxdb-error.err
chown -R MysqL:MysqL /MysqL/log/3306/itpuxdb-error.err
vi /MysqL/data/3306//my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket = /MysqL/data/3306/MysqL.sock
[MysqL]
no-beep
prompt="\u@db1 \R:\m:\s [\d]> "
#no-auto-rehash
auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8
[MysqLd]
########basic settings########
server-id=3306
port=3306
user = MysqL
bind_address= 192.168.1.51
basedir=/MysqL/app/MysqL
datadir=/MysqL/data/3306/data
socket= /MysqL/data/3306/MysqL.sock
pid-file=/MysqL/data/3306/MysqL.pid
character-set-server=utf8
skip-character-set-client-handshake=1
autocommit = 0
#skip_name_resolve = 1
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 1000
default-storage-engine=INNODB
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
sort_buffer_size = 32M
join_buffer_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 72M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
read_buffer_size = 16M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size=1M
table_open_cache=2000
thread_cache_size=768
myisam_max_sort_file_size=10G
myisam_sort_buffer_size=135M
key_buffer_size=32M
read_buffer_size=8M
read_rnd_buffer_size=4M
back_log=1024
#flush_time=0
open_files_limit=65536
table_deFinition_cache=1400
#binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
#sync_master_info=10000
#sync_relay_log=10000
#sync_relay_log_info=10000
########log settings########
log-output=FILE
general_log = 0
general_log_file=/MysqL/log/3306/db1.err
slow_query_log = ON
slow_query_log_file=/MysqL/log/3306/db1.err
long_query_time=10
log-error=/MysqL/log/3306/db1-error.err
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
expire_logs_days = 90
min_examined_row_limit = 100
#log_bin = "/log/bin_log/binlog"
########replication settings########
#master_info_repository = TABLE
#relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
#log_bin = bin.log
#sync_binlog = 1
#gtid_mode = on
#enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
#log_slave_updates
#binlog_format = row
#relay_log = relay.log
#relay_log_recovery = 1
#binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
#slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
########innodb settings########
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 500M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5
#innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_undo_logs = 128
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
innodb_flush_neighbors = 1
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_large_prefix = 1
innodb_thread_concurrency = 64
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_strict_mode = 1
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_autoextend_increment=64
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=65536
innodb_stats_on_Metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:200M;ibdata2:200M;ibdata3:200M:autoextend:max:5G
innodb_temp_data_file_path = ibtmp1:200M:autoextend:max:20G
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
log_timestamps=system
#transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32
show_compatibility_56=on
7）初始化MysqL
MysqLd --defaults-file=/MysqL/data/3306/my.cnf --initialize --datadir=/MysqL/data/3306/data --basedir=/MysqL/app/MysqL --user=MysqL
cd /MysqL/log/3306
more db1-error.err
初始化的随机密码
ifyicOu0au+y
8）配置启动脚本
cd /MysqL/app/MysqL/support-files
cp MysqL.server MysqL
vi MysqL
第一处要改：
#把前面所有出现的basedir,datadir,bindir,sbindir修改
basedir=/MysqL/app/MysqL
datadir=/MysqL/data/3306/data
bindir=/MysqL/app/MysqL/bin
sbindir=/MysqL/app/MysqL/bin
libexecdir=/MysqL/app/MysqL/bin
第二处要改：
MysqLd_pid_file_path=/MysqL/data/3306/MysqL.pid
第三处要改：
#启动脚本的start 项，添加--defaults-file=/MysqL/data/3306/my.cnf
$bindir/MysqLd_safe --defaults-file=/MysqL/data/3306/my.cnf --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$MysqLd_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
my.cnf的检查顺序
[root@itpux support-files]# MysqL --help|grep my.cnf
order of preference, my.cnf, $MysqL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/my.cnf /etc/MysqL/my.cnf /usr/local/MysqL/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
#把/etc/my.cnf重命名
最后把修改好的MysqL脚本放到/etc/init.d/目录下。
mv /MysqL/app/MysqL/support-files/MysqL /etc/init.d/
9）启停验证，日志查看
启动
/etc/init.d/MysqL start 或 service MysqL start
停止
/etc/init.d/MysqL stop 或 service MysqL stop
10）后期配置（改密码，启动远程访问）
登录
MysqL -uroot -pxjl61l/J_tp9 -S /MysqL/data/3306/MysqL.sock
修改密码
set password = password("rootroot");
11）远程连接测试
root用户实现远程登录
grant all privileges on . to 'root'@'%' identified by 'rootroot' with grant option;
flush privileges;
创建数据库
create database db1
创建用户
create user dbuser identified by "dbuser";
MysqL> grant all privileges on dbuser. to 'dbuser'@'localhost' identified by 'dbuser';
MysqL> grant all privileges on . to 'dbuser'@'%' identified by 'dbuser' with grant option;
MysqL> grant all privileges on dbuser. to 'dbuser'@'%' identified by 'dbuser';
MysqL> flush privileges;
创建表和添加测试数据
use db1
create table dept(
deptno int auto_increment primary key,
dname varchar(15),
loc varchar(50)
)engine=innodb;
insert into dept values(1,'it','gz');
insert into dept values(2,'cw','sh');
insert into dept values(3,'hr','sz');
commit;
select * from dept;
desc dept;
问题1：
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MysqL server through socket '/var/lib/MysqL/MysqL.sock'(2)
解决问题：
上面的报错，说明有安装MysqL,需要卸载掉现有的安装包
rpm -qa|grep MysqL
yum remove MysqL
只需删除掉MysqL,MysqL-devel包。
问题2：
MysqLd: [ERROR] Could not open required defaults file: /MysqL/data/3306/my.cnf
MysqLd: [ERROR] Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted!
解决思路：
提示没找到my.cnf文件，请检查初始化命令的路径与my.cnf存放的路径是否一致。
问题3：[root@itpuxdb 3306]# /etc/init.d/MysqL start
Starting MysqL..The server quit without updating PID file ([Failed]ata/3306/MysqL.pid).
解决方法：
把/etc/my.cnf 文件，重命名为my.cnf.bak ，这样就能在/MysqL/data/3306/目录下可以生成相应的文件了。
