linux – 服务器重载,就像内存不足一样,但事实并非如此

我有一台运行QEMU-KVM虚拟化的Centos 6.5服务器：

硬件：

> 40个CPU
> 400 GB RAM

软件：

>内核：2.6.32-431.17.1.el6.x86_64
> Qemu：0.12.1.2
> Libvirt：0.10.2

有3位客人,具有相同的hw配置：

> 16个CPU
> 120 GB RAM

<memory unit=’KiB’>125829120</memory>
<currentMemory unit=’KiB’>125829120</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement=’static’>16</vcpu>

客人正在运行Apache和MySQL.

在主机上只运行虚拟机旁边的一些备份和维护脚本,没有别的.

经过几天的运行后,问题就开始出现了.客人的负载随机上升至150左右,窃取CPU时间为10-15％.在主机上,负载大约为38-40,用户CPU时间约为30-40％,系统CPU时间为40-50％.

在那一刻,主机上耗费大量CPU的进程是Qemu虚拟客户机的进程,紧随其后的是kswapd0和kswapd1,CPU使用率为100％.

那一刻的内存使用情况：

> RAM总计378.48 GB
> RAM使用330.82 GB
> RAM免费47.66 GB
> SWAP总计500.24 MB
> SWAP使用497.13 MB
> SWAP free 3192 kB

加上缓冲区中的10-20 GB RAM.

所以,从内存使用的角度来看,不应该有任何问题.但是kswapd进程的繁重工作表明内存不足,也就是那个方向上的完全交换点(当我转换掉时,它会在几分钟内被填满).而偶尔,OOM杀手会杀死一些进程：

Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: active_anon:79945387 inactive_anon:3660742 isolated_anon:0
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: active_file:252 inactive_file:0 isolated_file:0
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: unevictable:0 dirty:2 writeback:0 unstable:0
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: free:12513746 slab_reclaimable:5001 slab_unreclaimable:1759785
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: mapped:213 shmem:41 pagetables:188243 bounce:0
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Node 0 DMA free:15728kB min:0kB low:0kB high:0kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15332kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2965 193855 193855
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Node 0 DMA32 free:431968kB min:688kB low:860kB high:1032kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:3037072kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 190890 190890
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Node 0 Normal free:6593828kB min:44356kB low:55444kB high:66532kB active_anon:178841380kB inactive_anon:7783292kB active_file:540kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:195471360kB mlocked:0kB dirty:8kB writeback:0kB mapped:312kB shmem:48kB slab_reclaimable:11136kB slab_unreclaimable:1959664kB kernel_stack:5104kB pagetables:397332kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Node 1 Normal free:43013460kB min:45060kB low:56324kB high:67588kB active_anon:140940168kB inactive_anon:6859676kB active_file:468kB inactive_file:56kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:198574076kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:540kB shmem:116kB slab_reclaimable:8868kB slab_unreclaimable:5079476kB kernel_stack:2856kB pagetables:355640kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Node 0 DMA: 2*4kB 1*8kB 2*16kB 2*32kB 2*64kB 1*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 1*1024kB 1*2048kB 3*4096kB = 15728kB
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Node 0 DMA32: 10*4kB 11*8kB 12*16kB 13*32kB 12*64kB 5*128kB 7*256kB 10*512kB 9*1024kB 6*2048kB 98*4096kB = 431968kB
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Node 0 Normal: 1648026*4kB 0*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 6592104kB
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Node 1 Normal: 8390977*4kB 1181188*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 43013412kB
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: 49429 total pagecache pages
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: 48929 pages in swap cache
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Swap cache stats: add 2688331,delete 2639402,find 16219898/16530111
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Free swap  = 3264kB
Nov 20 12:42:42 wv2-f302 kernel: Total swap = 512248kB
Nov 20 12:42:44 wv2-f302 kernel: 100663294 pages RAM
Nov 20 12:42:44 wv2-f302 kernel: 1446311 pages reserved
Nov 20 12:42:44 wv2-f302 kernel: 10374115 pages shared
Nov 20 12:42:44 wv2-f302 kernel: 84534113 pages non-shared

Oct 27 14:24:43 wv2-f302 kernel: [ pid ]   uid  tgid total_vm      rss cpu oom_adj oom_score_adj name
Oct 27 14:24:43 wv2-f302 kernel: [ 3878]     0  3878 32042399 31569413  10       0             0 qemu_wl52
Oct 27 14:24:43 wv2-f302 kernel: [ 4321]     0  4321 32092081 31599762  20       0             0 qemu_wl51
Oct 27 14:24:43 wv2-f302 kernel: [ 4394]     0  4394 32106979 31575717  15       0             0 qemu_wl50
...
Oct 27 14:24:43 wv2-f302 kernel: Out of memory: Kill process 3878 (qemu_wl52) score 318 or sacrifice child
Oct 27 14:24:43 wv2-f302 kernel: Killed process 3878,UID 0,(qemu_wl52) total-vm:128169596kB,anon-rss:126277476kB,file-rss:176kB

完全转储：http://evilcigi.eu/msg/msg.txt

然后我开始杀死的客人,从那一刻起,一切都很好,持续几天..使用与问题之前相同的内存使用情况：

> RAM总计378.48 GB
> RAM使用336.15 GB
> RAM免费42.33 GB
> SWAP总计500.24 MB
> SWAP使用344.55 MB
> SWAP免费155.69 MB

是否可能服务器以某种方式严重计算内存？还是有什么我想念的？

有一件事我想到,主机将所有空闲内存放在缓冲区和缓存中,然后遭受内存不足(调用OOM杀手)？但是,我认为,这不应该发生,对吧？而且,这并不能解释杀戮之前的行为.

先感谢您.

所以今天又出现了问题,这里是/ proc / meminfo的内容：

MemTotal:       396867932 kB
MemFree:         9720268 kB
Buffers:        53354000 kB
Cached:            22196 kB
SwapCached:       343964 kB
Active:         331872796 kB
Inactive:       41283992 kB
Active(anon):   305458432 kB
Inactive(anon): 14322324 kB
Active(file):   26414364 kB
Inactive(file): 26961668 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:        512248 kB
SwapFree:              0 kB
Dirty:                48 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:      319438656 kB
Mapped:             8536 kB
Shmem:               164 kB
Slab:            9052784 kB
SReclaimable:    2014752 kB
SUnreclaim:      7038032 kB
KernelStack:        8064 kB
PageTables:       650892 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:    198946212 kB
Committed_AS:   383832752 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:     1824832 kB
VmallocChunk:   34157271228 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:  31502336 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
DirectMap4k:        7852 kB
DirectMap2M:     3102720 kB
DirectMap1G:    399507456 kB

似乎所有“免费”内存都用在缓冲区中.

在@Matthew Ife关于内存碎片的提示之后,我已经压缩了内存并且还在主机上删除了缓存(以释放缓冲区中的60 GB),并使用以下命令：

echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
echo 1 >/proc/sys/vm/compact_memory

以下是内存碎片现在的样子：

# cat /proc/buddyinfo
Node 0,zone      DMA      2      1      2      2      2      1      0      0      1      1      3 
Node 0,zone    DMA32     12     12     13     16     10      5      7     10      9      6     98 
Node 0,zone   Normal 2398537 469407 144288  97224  58276  24155   8153   3141   1299    451     75 
Node 1,zone   Normal 9182926 2727543 648104  81843   7915   1267    244     67      3      1      0

更新2014/11/25 – 服务器再次超载：

# cat /proc/buddyinfo
Node 0,zone   Normal 4374385  85408      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0 
Node 1,zone   Normal 1830850 261703    460     14      0      0      0      0      0      0      0 

# cat /proc/meminfo 
MemTotal:       396867932 kB
MemFree:        28038892 kB
Buffers:        49126656 kB
Cached:            19088 kB
SwapCached:       303624 kB
Active:         305426204 kB
Inactive:       49729776 kB
Active(anon):   292040988 kB
Inactive(anon): 13969376 kB
Active(file):   13385216 kB
Inactive(file): 35760400 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:        512248 kB
SwapFree:             20 kB
Dirty:                28 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:      305706632 kB
Mapped:             9324 kB
Shmem:               124 kB
Slab:            8616228 kB
SReclaimable:    1580736 kB
SUnreclaim:      7035492 kB
KernelStack:        8200 kB
PageTables:       702268 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:    198946212 kB
Committed_AS:   384014048 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:     1824832 kB
VmallocChunk:   34157271228 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:  31670272 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
DirectMap4k:        7852 kB
DirectMap2M:     3102720 kB
DirectMap1G:    399507456 kB

在syslog中有一些页面分配失败：

Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: qemu_wl50: page allocation failure. order:4,mode:0x20
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: Pid: 4444,comm: qemu_wl50 Not tainted 2.6.32-431.17.1.el6.x86_64 #1
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: Call Trace:
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: <IRQ>  [<ffffffff8112f64a>] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x74a/0x8d0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8116e082>] ? kmem_getpages+0x62/0x170
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8116ec9a>] ? fallback_alloc+0x1ba/0x270
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8116ea19>] ? ____cache_alloc_node+0x99/0x160
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8116fbe0>] ? kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace+0x90/0x200
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8116fdfd>] ? __kmalloc_node+0x4d/0x60
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8144ff5a>] ? __alloc_skb+0x7a/0x180
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81451070>] ? skb_copy+0x40/0xb0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa013a55c>] ? tg3_start_xmit+0xa8c/0xd80 [tg3]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814603e4>] ? dev_hard_start_xmit+0x224/0x480
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8147be6a>] ? sch_direct_xmit+0x15a/0x1c0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814608e8>] ? dev_queue_xmit+0x228/0x320
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa02c8898>] ? br_dev_queue_push_xmit+0x88/0xc0 [bridge]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa02c8928>] ? br_forward_finish+0x58/0x60 [bridge]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa02c8ae8>] ? __br_deliver+0x78/0x110 [bridge]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa02c8bb5>] ? br_deliver+0x35/0x40 [bridge]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa02c78f4>] ? br_dev_xmit+0x114/0x140 [bridge]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814603e4>] ? dev_hard_start_xmit+0x224/0x480
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8146087d>] ? dev_queue_xmit+0x1bd/0x320
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81466785>] ? neigh_resolve_output+0x105/0x2d0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8149a2f8>] ? ip_finish_output+0x148/0x310
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8149a578>] ? ip_output+0xb8/0xc0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8149983f>] ? __ip_local_out+0x9f/0xb0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81499875>] ? ip_local_out+0x25/0x30
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81499d50>] ? ip_queue_xmit+0x190/0x420
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814af06e>] ? tcp_transmit_skb+0x40e/0x7b0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814b15b0>] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x230/0xa90
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814b2130>] ? __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x30/0xe0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814a9893>] ? tcp_data_snd_check+0x33/0x100
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814ad491>] ? tcp_rcv_established+0x381/0x7f0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814b5873>] ? tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x2e3/0x490
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa02b1557>] ? ipv4_confirm+0x87/0x1d0 [nf_conntrack_ipv4]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa0124441>] ? nf_nat_fn+0x91/0x260 [iptable_nat]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814b717a>] ? tcp_v4_rcv+0x51a/0x900
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81494300>] ? ip_local_deliver_finish+0x0/0x2d0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814943dd>] ? ip_local_deliver_finish+0xdd/0x2d0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81494668>] ? ip_local_deliver+0x98/0xa0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81493b2d>] ? ip_rcv_finish+0x12d/0x440
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff814940b5>] ? ip_rcv+0x275/0x350
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81489509>] ? nf_iterate+0x69/0xb0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8145b5db>] ? __netif_receive_skb+0x4ab/0x750
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8145f1f0>] ? netif_receive_skb+0x0/0x60
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8145f248>] ? netif_receive_skb+0x58/0x60
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa02c9af8>] ? br_handle_frame_finish+0x1e8/0x2a0 [bridge]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa02c9d5a>] ? br_handle_frame+0x1aa/0x250 [bridge]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8145b659>] ? __netif_receive_skb+0x529/0x750
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8145f248>] ? netif_receive_skb+0x58/0x60
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8145f350>] ? napi_skb_finish+0x50/0x70
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81460ab9>] ? napi_gro_receive+0x39/0x50
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa0136b54>] ? tg3_poll_work+0xc24/0x1020 [tg3]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa0136f9c>] ? tg3_poll_msix+0x4c/0x150 [tg3]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff81460bd3>] ? net_rx_action+0x103/0x2f0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff810a6da9>] ? ktime_get+0x69/0xf0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8107a551>] ? __do_softirq+0xc1/0x1e0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff810e6b20>] ? handle_IRQ_event+0x60/0x170
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8100c30c>] ? call_softirq+0x1c/0x30
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8100fa75>] ? do_softirq+0x65/0xa0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8107a405>] ? irq_exit+0x85/0x90
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff815312c5>] ? do_IRQ+0x75/0xf0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: <EOI>  [<ffffffffa018e271>] ? kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x4c1/0x10b0 [kvm]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa018e25f>] ? kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x4af/0x10b0 [kvm]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff810aee2e>] ? futex_wake+0x10e/0x120
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffffa0175b04>] ? kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x434/0x580 [kvm]
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8100b9ce>] ? common_interrupt+0xe/0x13
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8119d802>] ? vfs_ioctl+0x22/0xa0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8119dcca>] ? do_vfs_ioctl+0x3aa/0x580
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff810b186b>] ? sys_futex+0x7b/0x170
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8119df21>] ? sys_ioctl+0x81/0xa0
Nov 25 09:14:07 wv2-f302 kernel: [<ffffffff8100b072>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b

编辑：
通过减少为客人分配的内存来解决问题.现在有3位客户,每位80 GB RAM,为主机系统留下大约150 GB RAM：

# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           377G        243G         29G        1,9G        104G        132G

解决方法

有很多空闲内存,但这些区域完全是碎片化的：

Node 0 Normal: 1648026*4kB 0*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 6592104kB
Node 1 Normal: 8390977*4kB 1181188*8kB 0*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB

剩下的非零订单页面非常少,一个区域中根本没有.

我不能保证任何东西,但你可能想尝试关闭ksmd并重新压缩内存.压缩只在高阶页面分配时自动调用,并且永远不会调用oom-killer,因此我假设系统已尝试从订单2或3分配内存并卡住.

压缩内存运行echo 1> / proc / sys / vm / compact_memory

在这个问题上只有这么多,但我怀疑ksmd是通过扫描两个VM中重复的页面并将它们全部交换而导致碎片化.

linux – 服务器重载,就像内存不足一样,但事实并非如此

解决方法

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