我有一个关于堆栈溢出的类似问题,但它似乎比编码更多的服务器/
mysql设置.
下面的查询都会立即在我们的开发服务器上执行,因为它们最多可能需要2分20秒.
查询执行时间似乎受到LIKE字符串所在的家庭模糊的影响.如果他们与匹配较少的国家匹配,则需要的时间较少,如果您对德国使用“ge”之类的东西,则执行时间会更长.但这并不总是那样,有时它很不稳定.
发送数据似乎是罪魁祸首,但其原因和含义是什么.生产中的内存看起来很低(可用内存)？
生产：
Intel Quad Xeon E3-1220 3.1GHz
4GB DDR3
RAID1中的2x 1TB SATA
网速100Mb
Ubuntu的
发展
英特尔酷睿i3-2100,2C / 4T,3.10GHz
500 GB SATA – 无RAID
4GB DDR3
更新2：
mysqltuner输出：
[PROD]
-------- General Statistics --------------------------------------------------
[--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script
[OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.61-0ubuntu0.10.04.1
[OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture
-------- Storage Engine Statistics -------------------------------------------
[--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster
[--] Data in MyISAM tables: 103M (Tables: 180)
[--] Data in InnoDB tables: 491M (Tables: 19)
[!!] Total fragmented tables: 38
-------- Security Recommendations -------------------------------------------
[OK] All database users have passwords assigned
-------- Performance Metrics -------------------------------------------------
[--] Up for: 77d 4h 6m 1s (53M q [7.968 qps],14M conn,TX: 87B,RX: 12B)
[--] Reads / Writes: 98% / 2%
[--] Total buffers: 58.0M global + 2.7M per thread (151 max threads)
[OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 463.8M (11% of installed RAM)
[OK] Slow queries: 0% (12K/53M)
[OK] Highest usage of available connections: 22% (34/151)
[OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 16.0M/10.6M
[OK] Key buffer hit rate: 98.7% (162M cached / 2M reads)
[OK] Query cache efficiency: 20.7% (7M cached / 36M selects)
[!!] Query cache prunes per day: 3934
[OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 1% (3K temp sorts / 230K sorts)
[!!] Joins performed without indexes: 71068
[OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 24% (3M on disk / 13M total)
[OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (690 created / 14M connections)
[!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (64 open / 85M opened)
[OK] Open file limit used: 12% (128/1K)
[OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (16M immediate / 16M locks)
[!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 491.9M/8.0M
-------- Recommendations -----------------------------------------------------
General recommendations:
Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance
Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries
Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes
Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits
Variables to adjust:
query_cache_size (> 16M)
join_buffer_size (> 128.0K,or always use indexes with joins)
table_cache (> 64)
innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 491M)
[dev的]
-------- General Statistics --------------------------------------------------
[--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script
[OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.62-0ubuntu0.11.10.1
[!!] Switch to 64-bit OS - MySQL cannot currently use all of your RAM
-------- Storage Engine Statistics -------------------------------------------
[--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster
[--] Data in MyISAM tables: 185M (Tables: 632)
[--] Data in InnoDB tables: 967M (Tables: 38)
[!!] Total fragmented tables: 73
-------- Security Recommendations -------------------------------------------
[OK] All database users have passwords assigned
-------- Performance Metrics -------------------------------------------------
[--] Up for: 1d 2h 26m 9s (5K q [0.058 qps],1K conn,TX: 4M,RX: 1M)
[--] Reads / Writes: 99% / 1%
[--] Total buffers: 58.0M global + 2.7M per thread (151 max threads)
[OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 463.8M (11% of installed RAM)
[OK] Slow queries: 0% (0/5K)
[OK] Highest usage of available connections: 1% (2/151)
[OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 16.0M/18.6M
[OK] Key buffer hit rate: 99.9% (60K cached / 36 reads)
[OK] Query cache efficiency: 44.5% (1K cached / 2K selects)
[OK] Query cache prunes per day: 0
[OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 44 sorts)
[OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 24% (162 on disk / 666 total)
[OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (2 created / 1K connections)
[!!] Table cache hit rate: 1% (64 open / 4K opened)
[OK] Open file limit used: 8% (88/1K)
[OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (1K immediate / 1K locks)
[!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 967.7M/8.0M
-------- Recommendations -----------------------------------------------------
General recommendations:
Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance
Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries
Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits
Variables to adjust:
table_cache (> 64)
innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 967M)
更新1：
在测试此处列出的查询时,通常只会发生一个其他查询,通常没有.
因为生产实际上是处理apache请求,开发变得非常少,因为它只有我自己和另外一个访问它的人 – 通过将这台机器用于apache和mysql服务器,4GB的RAM是否会变得疲惫不堪？
生产：
sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 24872 MB in 2.00 seconds = 12450.72 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 368 MB in 3.00 seconds = 122.49 MB/sec sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 24786 MB in 2.00 seconds = 12407.22 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 350 MB in 3.00 seconds = 116.53 MB/sec Server version(mysql + ubuntu versions): 5.1.61-0ubuntu0.10.04.1
发展：
sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 10632 MB in 2.00 seconds = 5319.40 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 400 MB in 3.01 seconds = 132.85 MB/sec Server version(mysql + ubuntu versions): 5.1.62-0ubuntu0.11.10.1
原始数据：
这个查询不是有问题的查询,而是相关的,因为它很容易发布.
SELECT
f.form_question_has_answer_id
FROM
form_question_has_answer f
INNER JOIN
project_company_has_user p ON f.form_question_has_answer_user_id = p.project_company_has_user_user_id
INNER JOIN
company c ON p.project_company_has_user_company_id = c.company_id
INNER JOIN
project p2 ON p.project_company_has_user_project_id = p2.project_id
INNER JOIN
user u ON p.project_company_has_user_user_id = u.user_id
INNER JOIN
form f2 ON p.project_company_has_user_project_id = f2.form_project_id
WHERE
(f2.form_template_name = 'custom' AND p.project_company_has_user_garbage_collection = 0 AND p.project_company_has_user_project_id = '29') AND (LCASE(c.company_country) LIKE '%ge%' OR LCASE(c.company_country) LIKE '%abcde%') AND f.form_question_has_answer_form_id = '174'
并且针对上述查询的解释计划是,在dev和production上运行产生相同的计划.
+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | p2 | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | Using index | | 1 | SIMPLE | f | ref | form_question_has_answer_form_id,form_question_has_answer_user_id | form_question_has_answer_form_id | 4 | const | 796 | Using where | | 1 | SIMPLE | u | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | new_klarents.f.form_question_has_answer_user_id | 1 | Using index | | 1 | SIMPLE | p | ref | project_company_has_user_unique_key,project_company_has_user_user_id,project_company_has_user_company_id,project_company_has_user_project_id | project_company_has_user_user_id | 4 | new_klarents.f.form_question_has_answer_user_id | 1 | Using where | | 1 | SIMPLE | f2 | ref | form_project_id | form_project_id | 4 | const | 15 | Using where | | 1 | SIMPLE | c | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | new_klarents.p.project_company_has_user_company_id | 1 | Using where | +----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+-------------+
此查询需要2分钟~20秒才能执行.
在服务器上运行的查询是这样的：
SELECT
COUNT(*) AS num_results
FROM (SELECT
f.form_question_has_answer_id
FROM
form_question_has_answer f
INNER JOIN
project_company_has_user p ON f.form_question_has_answer_user_id = p.project_company_has_user_user_id
INNER JOIN
company c ON p.project_company_has_user_company_id = c.company_id
INNER JOIN
project p2 ON p.project_company_has_user_project_id = p2.project_id
INNER JOIN
user u ON p.project_company_has_user_user_id = u.user_id
INNER JOIN
form f2 ON p.project_company_has_user_project_id = f2.form_project_id
WHERE
(f2.form_template_name = 'custom' AND p.project_company_has_user_garbage_collection = 0 AND p.project_company_has_user_project_id = '29') AND (LCASE(c.company_country) LIKE '%ge%' OR LCASE(c.company_country) LIKE '%abcde%') AND f.form_question_has_answer_form_id = '174'
GROUP BY
f.form_question_has_answer_id;) dctrn_count_query;
随着解释计划(在开发和生产上同样相同)：
+----+-------------+-------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+------------------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Select tables optimized away |
| 2 | DERIVED | p2 | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | | 1 | Using index |
| 2 | DERIVED | f | ref | form_question_has_answer_form_id,form_question_has_answer_user_id | form_question_has_answer_form_id | 4 | | 797 | Using where |
| 2 | DERIVED | p | ref | project_company_has_user_unique_key,project_company_has_user_project_id,project_company_has_user_garbage_collection | project_company_has_user_user_id | 4 | new_klarents.f.form_question_has_answer_user_id | 1 | Using where |
| 2 | DERIVED | f2 | ref | form_project_id | form_project_id | 4 | | 15 | Using where |
| 2 | DERIVED | c | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | new_klarents.p.project_company_has_user_company_id | 1 | Using where |
| 2 | DERIVED | u | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | new_klarents.p.project_company_has_user_user_id | 1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+------------------------------+
在生产服务器上,我的信息如下.
执行时：
+-------------+ | num_results | +-------------+ | 3 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (2 min 14.28 sec)
显示资料：
+--------------------------------+------------+ | Status | Duration | +--------------------------------+------------+ | starting | 0.000016 | | checking query cache for query | 0.000057 | | Opening tables | 0.004388 | | System lock | 0.000003 | | Table lock | 0.000036 | | init | 0.000030 | | optimizing | 0.000016 | | statistics | 0.000111 | | preparing | 0.000022 | | executing | 0.000004 | | Sorting result | 0.000002 | | Sending data | 136.213836 | | end | 0.000007 | | query end | 0.000002 | | freeing items | 0.004273 | | storing result in query cache | 0.000010 | | logging slow query | 0.000001 | | logging slow query | 0.000002 | | cleaning up | 0.000002 | +--------------------------------+------------+
在开发时,结果如下.
+-------------+ | num_results | +-------------+ | 3 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.08 sec)
同样是此查询的配置文件：
+--------------------------------+----------+ | Status | Duration | +--------------------------------+----------+ | starting | 0.000022 | | checking query cache for query | 0.000148 | | Opening tables | 0.000025 | | System lock | 0.000008 | | Table lock | 0.000101 | | optimizing | 0.000035 | | statistics | 0.001019 | | preparing | 0.000047 | | executing | 0.000008 | | Sorting result | 0.000005 | | Sending data | 0.086565 | | init | 0.000015 | | optimizing | 0.000006 | | executing | 0.000020 | | end | 0.000004 | | query end | 0.000004 | | freeing items | 0.000028 | | storing result in query cache | 0.000005 | | removing tmp table | 0.000008 | | closing tables | 0.000008 | | logging slow query | 0.000002 | | cleaning up | 0.000005 | +--------------------------------+----------+
如果我删除用户和/或项目内部连接,查询将减少到30秒.
我有的最后一点信息：
Mysqlserver和Apache都在同一个盒子里,只有一个盒子可供生产.
顶部的产量：之前和之后后.
top - 15:43:25 up 78 days,12:11,4 users,load average: 1.42,0.99,0.78 Tasks: 162 total,2 running,160 sleeping,0 stopped,0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.1%us,50.4%sy,0.0%ni,49.5%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st Mem: 4037868k total,3772580k used,265288k free,243704k buffers Swap: 3905528k total,265384k used,3640144k free,1207944k cached top - 15:44:31 up 78 days,12:13,load average: 1.94,1.23,0.87 Tasks: 160 total,157 sleeping,1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us,50.6%sy,49.3%id,3834300k used,203568k free,243736k buffers Swap: 3905528k total,1207804k cached
但这不是生产正常状态的良好表示,因此这里是从今天开始执行查询之外的它.
top - 11:04:58 up 79 days,7:33,load average: 0.39,0.58,0.76 Tasks: 156 total,1 running,155 sleeping,0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.3%us,2.8%sy,93.9%id,3676136k used,361732k free,271480k buffers Swap: 3905528k total,268736k used,3636792k free,1063432k cached
发展：这一期间或之后不会改变.
top - 15:47:07 up 110 days,22:11,7 users,load average: 0.17,0.07,0.06 Tasks: 210 total,208 sleeping,0.2%sy,99.7%id,0.0%st Mem: 4111972k total,1821100k used,2290872k free,238860k buffers Swap: 4183036k total,66472k used,4116564k free,921072k cached
解决方法
差异可能来自：
>在PROD服务器(Quad Xeon E3-1220)上,你有一个RAID1磁盘设置,它可能会减慢查询速度,因为它写入2个磁盘并从2个磁盘读取http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID,这意味着提交性能降低,读取操作性能更高(选择 ) .根据您的应用,这可能是好事还是坏事……>两个服务器上的交换分区不同,看起来RAM使用/交换使用与PROD / DEV系统不同(即使它们具有相同数量的ram).我将使用ps aux检查运行进程并比较列表,因为您将看到有更多进程在prod上运行.>请查看您在mysql / prod服务器上有多少个querry的并发连接.>请查看prod和dev中的磁盘速度差异.>他们是否拥有相同的OS / mysql版本,并且innodb在两种环境中都作为引擎运行？
