FastJSON 简介及其Map/JSON/String 互转

在日志解析，前后端数据传输交互中，经常会遇到 String 与 map、json、xml 等格式相互转换与解析的场景，其中 json 基本成为了跨语言、跨前后端的事实上的标准数据交互格式。应该来说各个语言中解析 json 的库都一大片（具体 json 格式与三方库的介绍请见：http://www.json.org/json-zh.html），比如 python 都集成在了内置库中，成为标准 API，今天我们要聊的是 java 中如何方便的使用 json 格式。

从上面的链接介绍中我们可以看到，java 的三方 json 库是最多的，可谓百花齐放百家争鸣的节奏。。。但是，某些库存在链式依赖的问题，使用的时候要注意，如果你没用 maven 管你你的依赖，用起来会很痛苦，比如 json-lib、smart-json 等。下面我要推荐的是阿里巴巴工程师开源的一个 json 库：FastJSON，这个库在解析速度和易用性上来说都很不错。

1、了解fastjson

1.1 Fastjson介绍

Fastjson是一个Java语言编写的JSON处理器。
1、遵循http://json.org标准，为其官方网站收录的参考实现之一。
2、功能qiang打，支持JDK的各种类型，包括基本的JavaBean、Collection、Map、Date、Enum、泛型。
3、无依赖，不需要例外额外的jar，能够直接跑在JDK上。
4、开源，使用Apache License 2.0协议开源。

1.2 如果获得Fastjson？
https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson

2、主要的使用入口

Fastjson API入口类是com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON，常用的序列化操作都可以在JSON类上的静态方法直接完成。

public static final Object parse(String text); // 把JSON文本parse为JSONObject或者JSONArray 
public static final JSONObject parSEObject(String text)； // 把JSON文本parse成JSONObject    
public static final <T> T parSEObject(String text,Class<T> clazz); // 把JSON文本parse为JavaBean 
public static final JSONArray parseArray(String text); // 把JSON文本parse成JSONArray 
public static final <T> List<T> parseArray(String text,Class<T> clazz); //把JSON文本parse成JavaBean集合 
public static final String toJSONString(Object object); // 将JavaBean序列化为JSON文本 
public static final String toJSONString(Object object,boolean prettyFormat); // 将JavaBean序列化为带格式的JSON文本 
public static final Object toJSON(Object javaObject); 将JavaBean转换为JSONObject或者JSONArray。

3、有关类库的一些说明

SerializeWriter：相当于StringBuffer

JSONArray：相当于List<Object>

JSONObject：相当于Map<String,Object>

JSON反序列化没有真正数组，本质类型都是List<Object>

4、fastjson还有很多很高级的特性

比如支持注解、支持全类型序列化，这些都是很好的特性，功能强大，不在本次测试范围。

5、测试代码

package lavasoft.stu.json; 

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializeConfig; 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SimpleDateFormatSerializer; 

import java.util.*; 

/** 
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA. 
* 
* @author leizhimin 11-11-22 上午9:15 
*/ 
public class Foo { 
        private String vString = "vStringhehhehe"; 
        private char vchar = 'x'; 

        private byte vbyte = 64; 
        private short vshort = 128; 
        private int vint = 65535; 
        private long vlong = 9999999L; 

        private float vfloat = 12.1f; 
        private double vdouble = 22.203d; 

        private boolean vboolean = false; 

//        private Date vdate = new Date(); 
        private Date dddd = new Date(); 
        private Date vDate = new Date(); 
        private Date v_Date = new Date(); 
        private Object vnull = null; 

        private String[] avString = {"aaa","bbb","ccc"}; 
        private int[] avint = {1,2,3,4}; 
        private boolean[] avboolean = {true,false,true,true}; 

        private List<String> listString = new ArrayList<String>(); 
        private Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>(); 

        private Bar bar = new Bar(); 
        private Bar[] avBar = {new Bar(),new Bar()}; 
        private List<Bar> listBar = new ArrayList<Bar>(); 

        { 
                listString.add("listString1"); 
                listString.add("listString2"); 
                listString.add("listString3"); 

                map.put("x","s11111x"); 
                map.put("y","s22222y"); 
                map.put("z","s33333z"); 

                listBar.add(new Bar()); 
                listBar.add(new Bar()); 
                listBar.add(new Bar()); 
        } 



        public String getvString() { 
                return vString; 
        } 

        public void setvString(String vString) { 
                this.vString = vString; 
        } 

        public char getVchar() { 
                return vchar; 
        } 

        public void setVchar(char vchar) { 
                this.vchar = vchar; 
        } 

        public byte getVbyte() { 
                return vbyte; 
        } 

        public void setVbyte(byte vbyte) { 
                this.vbyte = vbyte; 
        } 

        public short getVshort() { 
                return vshort; 
        } 

        public void setVshort(short vshort) { 
                this.vshort = vshort; 
        } 

        public int getVint() { 
                return vint; 
        } 

        public void setVint(int vint) { 
                this.vint = vint; 
        } 

        public long getVlong() { 
                return vlong; 
        } 

        public void setVlong(long vlong) { 
                this.vlong = vlong; 
        } 

        public float getVfloat() { 
                return vfloat; 
        } 

        public void setVfloat(float vfloat) { 
                this.vfloat = vfloat; 
        } 

        public double getVdouble() { 
                return vdouble; 
        } 

        public void setVdouble(double vdouble) { 
                this.vdouble = vdouble; 
        } 

        public boolean isVboolean() { 
                return vboolean; 
        } 

        public void setVboolean(boolean vboolean) { 
                this.vboolean = vboolean; 
        } 

        public Date getdddd() { 
                return dddd; 
        } 

        public void setdddd(Date dddd) { 
                this.dddd = dddd; 
        } 

        public Date getV_Date() { 
                return v_Date; 
        } 

        public void setV_Date(Date v_Date) { 
                this.v_Date = v_Date; 
        } 

        public Date getvDate() { 
                return vDate; 
        } 

        public void setvDate(Date vDate) { 
                this.vDate = vDate; 
        } 

        public Object getVnull() { 
                return vnull; 
        } 

        public void setVnull(Object vnull) { 
                this.vnull = vnull; 
        } 

        public String[] getAvString() { 
                return avString; 
        } 

        public void setAvString(String[] avString) { 
                this.avString = avString; 
        } 

        public int[] getAvint() { 
                return avint; 
        } 

        public void setAvint(int[] avint) { 
                this.avint = avint; 
        } 

        public boolean[] getAvboolean() { 
                return avboolean; 
        } 

        public void setAvboolean(boolean[] avboolean) { 
                this.avboolean = avboolean; 
        } 

        public List<String> getListString() { 
                return listString; 
        } 

        public void setListString(List<String> listString) { 
                this.listString = listString; 
        } 

        public Map<String,String> getMap() { 
                return map; 
        } 

        public void setMap(Map<String,String> map) { 
                this.map = map; 
        } 

        public Bar getBar() { 
                return bar; 
        } 

        public void setBar(Bar bar) { 
                this.bar = bar; 
        } 

        public Bar[] getAvBar() { 
                return avBar; 
        } 

        public void setAvBar(Bar[] avBar) { 
                this.avBar = avBar; 
        } 

        public List<Bar> getListBar() { 
                return listBar; 
        } 

        public void setListBar(List<Bar> listBar) { 
                this.listBar = listBar; 
        } 
}

package lavasoft.stu.json; 

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializeConfig; 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SimpleDateFormatSerializer; 

import java.util.Date; 
import java.util.Random; 

/** 
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA. 
* 
* @author leizhimin 11-11-22 上午9:15 
*/ 
public class Bar { 
        public static SerializeConfig mapping = new SerializeConfig(); 
        private String barName; 
        private int barage; 
        private Date barDate = new Date(); 
        static { 
                mapping.put(Date.class,new SimpleDateFormatSerializer("yyyy-MM-dd")); 
        } 
        { 
                Random r = new Random(); 
                barName = "sss_"+String.valueOf(r.nextFloat()); 
                barage = r.nextInt(); 
        } 

        public static void main(String[] args) { 
                Object obj = JSON.toJSON(new Bar()); 
                String x1 = JSON.toJSONString(new Bar(),true); 
                System.out.println(x1); 
                String x2 = JSON.toJSONString(new Bar(),mapping); 
                System.out.println(x2); 
        } 

        public String getBarName() { 
                return barName; 
        } 

        public void setBarName(String barName) { 
                this.barName = barName; 
        } 

        public int getBarage() { 
                return barage; 
        } 

        public void setBarage(int barage) { 
                this.barage = barage; 
        } 

        public Date getBarDate() { 
                return barDate; 
        } 

        public void setBarDate(Date barDate) { 
                this.barDate = barDate; 
        } 

        @Override 
        public String toString() { 
                return "Bar{" + 
                                "barName='" + barName + '\'' + 
                                ",barage=" + barage + 
                                ",barDate=" + barDate + 
                                '}'; 
        } 
}

package lavasoft.stu.json; 

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray; 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializeConfig; 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SimpleDateFormatSerializer; 

import java.util.*; 

/** 
* Created by 2IntelliJ IDEA. 
* 
* @author leizhimin 11-11-22 上午9:45 
*/ 
public class Test { 
        private static SerializeConfig mapping = new SerializeConfig(); static { 
                mapping.put(Date.class,new SimpleDateFormatSerializer("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")); 
        } 

        public static void main(String[] args) { 
                Foo f1 = new Foo(); 
                Date date = new Date(); 
                String text = JSON.toJSONString(date,mapping); 
                System.out.println(text); 
                System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(f1,true)); 
                String x2 =JSON.toJSONString(f1,mapping); 
                System.out.println(x2); 
        } 

        public static void json2List(){ 
                //List -> JSON array 
                List<Bar> barList = new ArrayList<Bar>(); 
                barList.add(new Bar()); 
                barList.add(new Bar()); 
                barList.add(new Bar()); 
                String json= JSON.toJSONString(barList,true); 
                System.out.println(json); 
                //JSON array -> List 
                List<Bar> barList1 = JSON.parseArray(json,Bar.class); 
                for (Bar bar : barList1) { 
                        System.out.println(bar.toString()); 
                } 
        } 

        public static void json2Map(){ 
                //Map -> JSON 
                Map<String,Bar> map = new HashMap<String,Bar>(); 
                map.put("a",new Bar()); 
                map.put("b",new Bar()); 
                map.put("c",new Bar()); 
                String json = JSON.toJSONString(map,true); 
                System.out.println(json); 
                //JSON -> Map 
                Map<String,Bar> map1 = (Map<String,Bar>)JSON.parse(json); 
                for (String key : map1.keySet()) { 
                        System.out.println(key+":"+map1.get(key)); 
                } 
        } 

        public static void array2JSON(){ 
                String[] arr_String    = {"a","b","c"}; 
                String json_arr_String = JSON.toJSONString(arr_String,true); 
                System.out.println(json_arr_String); 
                JSONArray jsonArray = JSON.parseArray(json_arr_String); 
                for (Object o : jsonArray) { 
                        System.out.println(o); 
                } 
                System.out.println(jsonArray); 
        } 
        public static void array2JSON2(){ 
                Bar[] arr_Bar    = {new Bar(),new Bar(),new Bar()}; 
                String json_arr_Bar = JSON.toJSONString(arr_Bar,true); 
                System.out.println(json_arr_Bar); 
                JSONArray jsonArray = JSON.parseArray(json_arr_Bar); 
                for (Object o : jsonArray) { 
                        System.out.println(o); 
                } 
                System.out.println(jsonArray); 
        } 

        public static void map2JSON(){ 
                Map map = new HashMap(); 
                map.put("a","aaa"); 
                map.put("b","bbb"); 
                map.put("c","ccc"); 
                String json=JSON.toJSONString(map); 
                System.out.println(json); 
                Map map1 = JSON.parSEObject(json); 
                for (Object o : map.entrySet()) { 
                        Map.Entry<String,String> entry = (Map.Entry<String,String>)o; 
                        System.out.println(entry.getKey()+"--->"+entry.getValue()); 
                } 
        } 
}

说明：

SerializeConfig：是对序列化过程中一些序列化过程的特殊配置，这里用作日期格式的定义。

有关需要带类型的全类型序列化过程，需要调用JSON.toJSONStringZ()方法。

需要美化输出时候，需要打开序列化美化开关，在方法中true那个参数。

输出结果：

"2011-11-23 23:30:33" 
{ 
  "avBar":[{ 
    "barage":174398800,"barDate":1322062233062,"barName":"sss_0.62378174" 
  },{ 
    "barage":38938962,"barName":"sss_0.36014742" 
  }],"avString":["aaa","ccc"],"avboolean":[true,true],"avint":[1,4],"bar":{ 
    "barage":1601495948,"barName":"sss_0.46644872" 
  },"dddd":1322062233046,"listBar":[ 
    { 
      "barage":-1090113522,"barName":"sss_0.83562374" 
    },{ 
      "barage":478603194,"barName":"sss_0.59483266" 
    },{ 
      "barage":1118357669,"barName":"sss_0.9961642" 
    } 
  ],"listString":[ 
    "listString1","listString2","listString3" 
  ],"map":{"x":"s11111x","y":"s22222y","z":"s33333z"},"v_Date":1322062233046,"vboolean":false,"vbyte":64,"vchar":"x","vdouble":22.203,"vfloat":12.1,"vint":65535,"vlong":9999999,"vshort":128 
} 
{"avBar":[{"barage":174398800,"barDate":"2011-11-23 23:30:33","barName":"sss_0.62378174"},{"barage":38938962,"barName":"sss_0.36014742"}],"bar":{"barage":1601495948,"barName":"sss_0.46644872"},"dddd":"2011-11-23 23:30:33","listBar":[{"barage":-1090113522,"barName":"sss_0.83562374"},{"barage":478603194,"barName":"sss_0.59483266"},{"barage":1118357669,"barName":"sss_0.9961642"}],"listString":["listString1","listString3"],"v_Date":"2011-11-23 23:30:33","vshort":128} 

Process finished with exit code 0

测试小例子：

JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("aa","11");
json.put("bb","22");
json.put("cc","33");
String jsonStr = json.toString();
System.out.println(jsonStr);
// {"aa":"11","bb":"22","cc":"33"}	
	
System.out.println(JSONObject.parSEObject(jsonStr).get("aa"));
// 11

String o = "{'area':{'area':'1','pagetype':'home'},'pagetype':'home'}";
System.out.println(((Map) JSONObject.parSEObject(o).get("area")).get("area"));
// 1
String text = JSON.toJSONString(o);
Map<String,Object> userMap = 
		JSON.parSEObject(o,new TypeReference<Map<String,Object>>() {});
System.out.println(((Map) userMap.get("area")).get("NotExsit"));
// null

System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString((Map) userMap.get("area")));
// {"area":"1","pagetype":"home"}

fastjson通过各方面测试都很好，功能性能都是No.1，喜欢，它的源代码质量很高，作者也煞费苦心，将性能做到了最好，全免超越其他的json类库。

从其中的源代码中，可以学到很多东西，在阅读源码后，不得不佩服作者高超的程序设计水平，和高质量的编码。