在 Angular 中,路由是以模块为单位
的,每个模块都可以有自己的路由。【相关教程推荐:《angular教程》】
快速上手
1、创建页面组件、Layout 组件以及 Navigation 组件,供路由使用
创建关于我们页面组件
ng g c pages/about
创建布局组件
ng g c pages/layout
创建导航组件
ng g c pages/navigation
2、创建路由规则
// app.module.ts import { Routes } from @angular/router const routes: Routes = [ { path: home, component: HomeComponent }, { path: about, component: AboutComponent } ]
3、引入路由模块并启动
// app.module.ts import { RouterModule, Routes } from @angular/router @NgModule({ imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes, { useHash: true })], }) export class AppModule {}
4、添加路由插座
<!-- 路由插座即占位组件 匹配到的路由组件将会显示在这个地方 --> <router-outlet></router-outlet>
5、在导航组件中定义链接
<a routerLink=/home>首页</a> <a routerLink=/about>关于我们</a>
匹配规则
1、重定向
const routes: Routes = [ { path: home, component: HomeComponent }, { path: about, component: AboutComponent }, { path: , // 重定向 redirectTo: home, // 完全匹配 pathMatch: full } ]
2、404 页面
const routes: Routes = [ { path: home, component: HomeComponent }, { path: about, component: AboutComponent }, { path: **, component: NotFoundComponent } ]
路由传参
1、查询参数
<a routerLink=/about [queryParams]={ name: 'kitty' }>关于我们</a>
import { ActivatedRoute } from @angular/router export class AboutComponent implements OnInit { constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {} ngOnInit(): void { this.route.queryParamMap.subscribe(query => { query.get(name) }) } }
2、动态参数
const routes: Routes = [ { path: home, component: HomeComponent }, { path: about/:name, component: AboutComponent } ]
<a [routerLink]=['/about', 'zhangsan']>关于我们</a>
import { ActivatedRoute } from @angular/router export class AboutComponent implements OnInit { constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {} ngOnInit(): void { this.route.paramMap.subscribe(params => { params.get(name) }) } }
路由嵌套
路由嵌套指的是如何定义子级路由
。
const routes: Routes = [ { path: about, component: AboutComponent, children: [ { path: introduce, component: IntroduceComponent }, { path: history, component: HistoryComponent } ] } ]
<!-- about.component.html --> <app-layout> <p>about works!</p> <a routerLink=/about/introduce>公司简介</a> <a routerLink=/about/history>发展历史</a> <div> <router-outlet></router-outlet> </div> </app-layout>
命名插座
将子级路由组件显示到不同的路由插座中。
{ path: about, component: AboutComponent, children: [ { path: introduce, component: IntroduceComponent, outlet: left }, { path: history, component: HistoryComponent, outlet: right } ] }
<!-- about.component.html --> <app-layout> <p>about works!</p> <router-outlet name=left></router-outlet> <router-outlet name=right></router-outlet> </app-layout>
<a [routerLink]=[ '/about', { outlets: { left: ['introduce'], right: ['history'] } } ] >关于我们 </a>
导航路由
<!-- app.component.html --> <button (click)=jump()>跳转到发展历史</button>
// app.component.ts import { Router } from @angular/router export class HomeComponent { constructor(private router: Router) {} jump() { this.router.navigate([/about/history], { queryParams: { name: Kitty } }) } }
路由模块
将根模块中的路由配置抽象成一个单独的路由模块,称之为根路由模块
,然后在根模块中引入根路由模块。
import { NgModule } from @angular/core import { HomeComponent } from ./pages/home/home.component import { NotFoundComponent } from ./pages/not-found/not-found.component const routes: Routes = [ { path: , component: HomeComponent }, { path: **, component: NotFoundComponent } ] @NgModule({ declarations: [], imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes, { useHash: true })], // 导出 Angular 路由功能模块,因为在根模块的根组件中使用了 RouterModule 模块中提供的路由插座组件 exports: [RouterModule] }) export class AppRoutingModule {}
import { browserModule } from @angular/platform-browser import { NgModule } from @angular/core import { AppComponent } from ./app.component import { AppRoutingModule } from ./app-routing.module import { HomeComponent } from ./pages/home/home.component import { NotFoundComponent } from ./pages/not-found/not-found.component @NgModule({ declarations: [AppComponent,HomeComponent, NotFoundComponent], imports: [browserModule, AppRoutingModule], providers: [], bootstrap: [AppComponent] }) export class AppModule {}
路由懒加载
路由懒加载是以模块
为单位的。
1、创建用户模块 ng g m user --routing=true
一并创建该模块的路由模块
2、创建登录页面组件 ng g c user/pages/login
3、创建注册页面组件 ng g c user/pages/register
4、配置用户模块的路由规则
import { NgModule } from @angular/core import { Routes, RouterModule } from @angular/router import { LoginComponent } from ./pages/login/login.component import { RegisterComponent } from ./pages/register/register.component const routes: Routes = [ { path: login, component: LoginComponent }, { path: register, component: RegisterComponent } ] @NgModule({ imports: [RouterModule.forChild(routes)], exports: [RouterModule] }) export class UserRoutingModule {}
5、将用户路由模块关联到主路由模块
// app-routing.module.ts const routes: Routes = [ { path: user, loadChildren: () => import(./user/user.module).then(m => m.UserModule) } ]
<a routerLink=/user/login>登录</a> <a routerLink=/user/register>注册</a>
路由守卫
路由守卫会告诉路由是否允许导航到请求的路由。
路由守方法可以返回 boolean
或 Observable <boolean>
或 Promise <boolean>
,它们在将来的某个时间点解析为布尔值。
1、CanActivate
CanActivate 为接口
,路由守卫类要实现该接口,该接口规定类中需要有 canActivate 方法,方法决定是否允许访问目标路由。
路由可以应用多个守卫
,所有守卫方法都允许,路由才被允许访问,有一个守卫方法不允许,则路由不允许被访问。
创建路由守卫:ng g guard guards/auth
import { Injectable } from @angular/core import { CanActivate, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, UrlTree, Router } from @angular/router import { Observable } from rxjs @Injectable({ providedIn: root }) export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate { constructor(private router: Router) {} canActivate(): boolean | UrlTree { // 用于实现跳转 return this.router.createUrlTree([/user/login]) // 禁止访问目标路由 return false // 允许访问目标路由 return true } }
{ path: about, component: AboutComponent, canActivate: [AuthGuard] }
2、CanActivateChild
检查用户是否方可访问某个子路由。
创建路由守卫:ng g guard guards/admin
注意:选择 CanActivateChild,需要将箭头移动到这个选项并且敲击空格确认选择。
import { Injectable } from @angular/core import { CanActivateChild, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, UrlTree } from @angular/router import { Observable } from rxjs @Injectable({ providedIn: root }) export class AdminGuard implements CanActivateChild { canActivateChild(): boolean | UrlTree { return true } }
{ path: about, component: AboutComponent, canActivateChild: [AdminGuard], children: [ { path: introduce, component: IntroduceComponent } ] }
3、CanDeactivate
比如用户在表单中输入的内容没有保存,用户又要离开路由,此时可以调用该守卫提示用户。
import { Injectable } from @angular/core import { CanDeactivate, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, UrlTree } from @angular/router import { Observable } from rxjs export interface CanComponentLeave { canLeave: () => boolean } @Injectable({ providedIn: root }) export class UnsaveGuard implements CanDeactivate<CanComponentLeave> { canDeactivate(component: CanComponentLeave): boolean { if (component.canLeave()) { return true } return false } }
{ path: , component: HomeComponent, canDeactivate: [UnsaveGuard] }
import { CanComponentLeave } from src/app/guards/unsave.guard export class HomeComponent implements CanComponentLeave { myForm: FormGroup = new FormGroup({ username: new FormControl() }) canLeave(): boolean { if (this.myForm.dirty) { if (window.confirm(有数据未保存, 确定要离开吗)) { return true } else { return false } } return true }
4、Resolve
允许在进入路由之前先获取数据,待数据获取完成之后再进入路由。
ng g resolver <name>
import { Injectable } from @angular/core import { Resolve } from @angular/router type returnType = Promise<{ name: string }> @Injectable({ providedIn: root }) export class ResolveGuard implements Resolve<returnType> { resolve(): returnType { return new Promise(function (resolve) { setTimeout(() => { resolve({ name: 张三 }) }, 2000) }) } }
{ path: , component: HomeComponent, resolve: { user: ResolveGuard } }
export class HomeComponent { constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {} ngOnInit(): void { console.log(this.route.snapshot.data.user) } }
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