如何替换java String中的字符？

我喜欢以有效的方式用相应的替换字符替换字符串的某组字符.

例如：

String sourceCharacters = "šđćčŠĐĆČžŽ";
String targetCharacters = "sdccSDCCzZ";

String result = replaceChars("Gračišće",sourceCharacters,targetCharacters );

Assert.equals(result,"Gracisce") == true;

有没有比使用String类的replaceAll方法更有效的方法？

我的第一个想法是：

final String s = "Gračišće";
String sourceCharacters = "šđćčŠĐĆČžŽ";
String targetCharacters = "sdccSDCCzZ";

// preparation
final char[] sourceString = s.tochararray();
final char result[] = new char[sourceString.length];
final char[] targetCharactersArray = targetCharacters.tochararray();

// main work
for(int i=0,l=sourceString.length;i<l;++i)
{
  final int pos = sourceCharacters.indexOf(sourceString[i]);
  result[i] = pos!=-1 ? targetCharactersArray[pos] : sourceString[i];
}

// result
String resultString = new String(result);

有任何想法吗？

顺便说一句,UTF-8字符引起麻烦,US_ASCII可以正常工作.

解决方法

您可以使用 java.text.Normalizer和正则表达式来摆脱 diacritics,其中存在的远远超过您收集的数量.

这是一个SSCCE,在Java 6上复制’n’paste’n’run它：

package com.stackoverflow.q2653739;

import java.text.normalizer;
import java.text.normalizer.Form;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String... args) {
        System.out.println(removeDiacriticalMarks("Gračišće"));
    }

    public static String removeDiacriticalMarks(String string) {
        return normalizer.normalize(string,Form.NFD)
            .replaceAll("\\p{InCombiningDiacriticalMarks}+","");
    }
}

这应该产生

Gracisce

至少,它在Eclipse中将控制台字符编码设置为UTF-8(Window> Preferences> General> Workspace> Text File Encoding).确保在您的环境中也设置了相同的设置.

作为替代方案,维护一个Map< Character,Character>：

Map<Character,Character> charReplacementMap = new HashMap<Character,Character>();
charReplacementMap.put('š','s');
charReplacementMap.put('đ','d');
// Put more here.

String originalString = "Gračišće";
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

for (char currentChar : originalString.tochararray()) {
    Character replacementChar = charReplacementMap.get(currentChar);
    builder.append(replacementChar != null ? replacementChar : currentChar);
}

String newString = builder.toString();