引言
在平时的JavaEE开发中,为了能够用最快的速度开发项目,一般会选择使用Struts2、SpringMVC、Spring、Hibernate、MyBatis这些开源框架来开发项目。
本文来总结一下如何使用Maven搭建Struts2+Spring3+Hibernate4的整合开发环境。
建立Maven工程
根据下图,一步步操作设定,填写GroupId、ArtifactId;创建完成后,Maven install 进行编译发布。
完成的项目结构,如下图所示
搭建Spring3开发环境
加载Spring依赖包
<!-- spring --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency>View Code
编写Spring配置文件
在src/main/resources目录下创建一个spring.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd" > <!-- 引入属性文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/config.properties" /> <!-- 自动扫描dao和service包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.service" /> </beans>View Code
在src/main/resources目录下创建一个config.properties文件,文件中的内容暂时先不编写,等整合Hibernate时再编写具体数据库链接信息。
编写单元测试
在src/main/java中创建com.servier包,编写IUserService接口
package com.service; public interface IUserService { /** * 测试方法 */ void test(); }
在src/main/java中创建com.service.impl包,在包中编写UserServiceImpl实现类
package com.service.impl; import com.service.IUserService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service("userService") public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { @Override public void test() { System.out.println("Hello World"); } }
进行单元测试时,需要用到Junit,所以在pom.xml中添加Junit的jar包描述
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
最后,在src/main/test中创建com.test包,在包中编写TestSpring类
package com.test; import com.service.IUserService; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClasspathXmlApplicationContext; public class TestSpring { @Test public void test() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml"); IUserService userService = (IUserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService"); userService.test(); } }
在web.xml中配置Spring监听器
<!-- Spring 监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Spring 配置文件位置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value> </context-param>
测试
搭建Struts2开发环境并整合Spring3
加载Struts2依赖包
<!-- Struts2的核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>2.3.16</version> </dependency> <!-- 注解方式 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.20</version> </dependency> <!-- action映射 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-config-browser-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.20</version> </dependency> <!-- Struts2和Spring整合插件 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.4.1</version> </dependency>
编写Struts.xml配置文件
在src/main/resources目录下创建一个struts.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <!-- 指定spring负责action创建 --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" /> <!-- 所有匹配*.action的请求都有Struts2处理 --> <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" /> <!-- 是否启用开发者模式 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <!-- 是否重新加载 --> <constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" /> <!-- 设置浏览器缓存静态内容 --> <constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="true" /> <!-- 请求参数的编码方式 --> <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="utf-8" /> <!-- 文件上传最大值 --> <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="104857600" /> <!-- 动态调用方式,使用叹号访问方法 --> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicmethodInvocation" value="true" /> <!-- Action名称中是否使用斜线 --> <constant name="struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames" value="false" /> <!-- 允许标签中使用表达式语法 --> <constant name="struts.tag.altSyntax" value="true" /> <!-- 对于WebLogic,Orion属性设置为ture --> <constant name="struts.dispatcher.parametersWorkaround" value="true" /> <package name="basePackage" extends="struts-default" > </package> </struts>View Code
在web.xml中配置Struts2的过滤器
<!-- Struts2的核心过滤器配置 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
编写测试
首先,在src/main/java中创建com.action包,在包中编写一个Action类
package com.action; import com.service.IUserService; import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action; import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace; import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; @ParentPackage("basePackage") @Action(value = "strust2Test") @Namespace("/") public class TestAction { @Autowired private IUserService userService; public void test() { System.out.println("进入TestAction"); userService.test(); } }View Code
这里主要使用注解将userService注入到UserAction中,输入访问地址:http://localhost:8080/strust2Test!test.action
搭建Hibernate4开发环境并整合Spring3
加载Hibernate依赖包
<!-- Hibernate4 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>4.1.7.Final</version> </dependency>
添加数据库和连接池驱动包
Hibernate是用于和数据库交互的,应用系统所有的CRUD操作都要通过Hibernate来完成。
在平时开发中,我们一般都会使用数据库连接池,应用系统初始化时,由数据库连接池想数据库申请一定数量的数据库链接,以下采用Druid的jar包。
<!-- MysqL驱动包 --> <dependency> <groupId>MysqL</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.34</version> </dependency> <!-- Druid连接池包 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.0.12</version> </dependency>
添加aspectjweaver包
使用Spring的AOP时需要使用aspectjweaver包,如下所示:
<!-- aspectjweaver包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.5</version> </dependency>
编写链接数据库的配置信息
在src/main/resources目录下的config.properties文件中,编写连接数据库需要使用到的相关信息,如下所示:
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MysqLDialect driverClassName=com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver validationQuery=SELECT 1 jdbc_url=jdbc:MysqL://103.40.29.133:3306/javadb?useUnicode=true jdbc_username=jaminhuang jdbc_password=opN9d1t3AUq#Kzyy hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update hibernate.show_sql=true hibernate.format_sql=true
编写Hibernate与Spring整合的配置文件
在src/main/resources目录下新建一个spring-hibernate.xml文件,如下图所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd" > <!-- 配置数据源 --> <bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close"> <property name="url" value="${jdbc_url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc_username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc_password}" /> <!-- 初始连接池大小 --> <property name="initialSize" value="0"/> <!-- 连接池最大使用链接数量 --> <property name="maxActive" value="20" /> <!-- 连接池最大空闲 --> <property name="maxIdle" value="20" /> <!-- 连接池最小空闲 --> <property name="minIdle" value="0" /> <!-- 连接池最大等待时间 --> <property name="maxWait" value="60000" /> <property name="validationQuery" value="${validationQuery}" /> <property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" /> <property name="testOnReturn" value="false" /> <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" /> <property name="timeBetweenConnectErrorMillis" value="60000" /> <property name="minevictableIdleTimeMillis" value="25200000" /> <property name="removeAbandoned" value="true" /> <property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="1800" /> <property name="logAbandoned" value="true" /> <!-- 监控数据库 --> <property name="filters" value="mergeStat" /> </bean> <bean name="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionfactorybean" > <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <!-- web项目启动时是否更新表结构 --> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop> <!-- 系统使用数据库方言 --> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <!-- 是否打印sql到控制台 --> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <!-- 是否合适话打印出来的sql --> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop> </props> </property> <!-- 自动扫描注解方式配置 --> <property name="packagesToScan"> <list> <value>com.model</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <bean name="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 拦截器方式配置事务 --> <tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager" > <tx:attributes> <!-- 以下关键字开头使用事务 --> <tx:method name="add*" /> <tx:method name="save*" /> <tx:method name="update*" /> <tx:method name="edit*" /> <tx:method name="delete*" /> <tx:method name="remove*" /> <!-- 以下关键字开头不使用事务 --> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" /> <tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" /> <tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" /> <tx:method name="search*" propagation="SUPPORTS" /> <!-- 其他方法不使用事务 --> <tx:method name="*" propagation="SUPPORTS" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- AOP切面 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="transactionpointcut" expression="execution(* com.service..*Impl.*(..))"/> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionpointcut" advice-ref="transactionAdvice" /> </aop:config> </beans>
编写单元测试代码
2. 在src/main/java中创建com.model包,在包中创建UserInfo类,如下图所示:
package com.model; import javax.persistence.*; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Date; @Entity @Table(name = "UserInfo", schema = "javadb") public class UserInfo implements Serializable { private String UserId; private String UserName; private int Age; private Date UpdateTime; public UserInfo() { } public UserInfo(String userId, String userName, int age, Date updateTime) { this.UserId = userId; this.UserName = userName; this.Age = age; this.UpdateTime = updateTime; } @Id @Column(name = "UserId", unique = true, nullable = false, length = 20) public String getUserId() { return UserId; } public void setUserId(String userId) { UserId = userId; } @Column(name = "UserName", nullable = false, length = 50) public String getUserName() { return UserName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { UserName = userName; } @Column(name = "Age", nullable = false, length = 4) public int getAge() { return Age; } public void setAge(int age) { Age = age; } @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) @Column(name = "UpdateTime", length = 7) public Date getUpdateTime() { return UpdateTime; } public void setUpdateTime(Date updateTime) { UpdateTime = updateTime; } }View Code
3. 在src/main/java中创建com.dao包,在包中创建UserInfoDao接口,如下图所示:
package com.dao; import com.model.UserInfo; import java.io.Serializable; public interface IUserInfoDao { /** * 保存用户 * @param model 用户对象 * @return */ Serializable save(UserInfo model); }
4. 在src/main/java中创建com.dao.impl包,在包中创建UserInfoDaoImpl实现类,如下图所示:
package com.dao.impl; import com.dao.IUserInfoDao; import com.model.UserInfo; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import java.io.Serializable; @Repository("userInfoDao") public class UserInfoDaoImpl implements IUserInfoDao { /** * 注入Session工厂 */ @Autowired private SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Override public Serializable save(UserInfo model) { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(model); } }
5. 在之前的IUserInfoService接口中添加save方法,如下图所示:
package com.service; import com.model.UserInfo; import java.io.Serializable; public interface IUserService { /** * 测试方法 */ void test(); /** * 保存用户 * @param model 用户对象 * @return */ Serializable save(UserInfo model); }
6. 同时在UserInfoServiceImpl实现类中实现方法,如下图所示:
package com.service.impl; import com.dao.IUserInfoDao; import com.model.UserInfo; import com.service.IUserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.io.Serializable; @Service("userService") public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { @Autowired private IUserInfoDao userInfoDao; @Override public void test() { System.out.println("Hello World"); } @Override public Serializable save(UserInfo model) { return userInfoDao.save(model); } }
7. 编写测试类,进行单元测试
package com.test; import com.model.UserInfo; import com.service.IUserService; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClasspathXmlApplicationContext; import java.util.Date; public class TestHibernate { private IUserService userService; /** * 在所有测试方法之前执行,且只执行一次 */ @Before public void before() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"spring.xml", "spring-hibernate.xml"}); userService = (IUserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService"); } @Test public void testSave() { UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo(); userInfo.setUserId("userId"); userInfo.setUserName("小明"); userInfo.setAge(25); userInfo.setUpdateTime(new Date()); userService.save(userInfo); } }
运行单元测试,获得输出信息;同时javadb数据库当中创建了userinfo表
错误说明
在对当前测试的同时,由于添加了spring-hibernate.xml文件,则在上文之前配置的TestSpring测试类中,需要调整相关测试代码,如下图所示
package com.test; import com.service.IUserService; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClasspathXmlApplicationContext; @RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class) public class TestSpring { @Test public void test() { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"spring.xml", "spring-hibernate.xml"}); IUserService userService = (IUserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService"); userService.test(); } }
三大框架综合测试
完善web.xml文件中的配置
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- Spring 监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Spring 配置文件位置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring.xml,classpath:spring-hibernate.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 防止spring内存溢出监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- openSessionInViewFilter配置 --> <filter> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Struts2的核心过滤器配置 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- druid监控页面,使用${pageContext.request.contextpath}/druid/index.heml访问 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>druidStatView</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>druidStatView</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/druid/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
编写测试代码
package com.action; import com.model.UserInfo; import com.service.IUserService; import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action; import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace; import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import java.util.Date; @ParentPackage("basePackage") @Action(value = "strust2Test") @Namespace("/") public class TestAction { /** * 注入userService */ @Autowired private IUserService userService; /** * 测试地址:http://localhost:8080/strust2Test!test.action */ public void test() { System.out.println("进入TestAction"); userService.test(); } /** * 测试地址:http://localhost:8080/strust2Test!saveUser.action */ public void saveUser() { UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo(); userInfo.setUserId("abc"); userInfo.setUserName("abc"); userInfo.setAge(23); userInfo.setUpdateTime(new Date()); userService.save(userInfo); } }
运行,在浏览器输入地址 http://localhost:8080/strust2Test!saveUser.action