如何不包含来自soup.select的特定元素？

问题描述

我使用soup.select('.c-w a')选择元素。在c-w中，有c-s个我不希望包含在此选择中的内容。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

txt = '''
<div class="c-w">
  <div class="c-s">
    <a href="sound://english-french/sound/M000001099.mp3"><img class="soundpng" src="file://sound.png"/></a>
</div></div>
'''
soup = BeautifulSoup(txt,'html.parser')

for a in soup.select('.c-w a'):
        a['href'] = 'entry://'

结果是

<div class="c-w">
<div class="c-s">
<a href="entry://"><img class="soundpng" src="file://sound.png"/></a>
</div></div>

我的目标是在替换过程中不要包括.c-s .a。我的意思是，当搜索遇到c-s时，它将忽略此元素并搜索其他元素。您能详细说明如何实现我的目标吗？

解决方法

根据您的评论，您可以使用.find_parent()来确定<a>标签是否位于带有class="c-s"的标签内：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

txt = '''
<div class="c-w">
  <div class="c-s">
    <a href="sound://english-french/sound/M000001099.mp3"><img class="soundpng" src="file://sound.png"/></a>
  </div>

  <div>
    <a href="THIS I WANT TO REPLACE">...</a>
  </div>
</div>
'''
soup = BeautifulSoup(txt,'html.parser')

for a in soup.select('.c-w a'):
    if a.find_parent(class_='c-s'):
        continue
    a['href'] = 'entry://'

print(soup.prettify())

打印：

<div class="c-w">
 <div class="c-s">
  <a href="sound://english-french/sound/M000001099.mp3">
   <img class="soundpng" src="file://sound.png"/>
  </a>
 </div>
 <div>
  <a href="entry://">
   ...
  </a>
 </div>
</div>

---

编辑：要同时排除.c-s和.c-v，您可以执行以下操作：

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

txt = '''
<div class="c-w">
  <div class="c-s">
    <a href="sound://english-french/sound/M000001099.mp3"><img class="soundpng" src="file://sound.png"/></a>
  </div>

  <div class="c-v">
    <a href="sound://english-french/sound/M000001099.mp3"><img class="soundpng" src="file://sound.png"/></a>
  </div>

  <div>
    <a href="THIS I WANT TO REPLACE">...</a>
  </div>
</div>
'''
soup = BeautifulSoup(txt,'html.parser')

for a in soup.select('.c-w a'):
    if a.find_parent(class_=['c-s','c-v']):
        continue
    a['href'] = 'entry://'

print(soup.prettify())

打印：

<div class="c-w">
 <div class="c-s">
  <a href="sound://english-french/sound/M000001099.mp3">
   <img class="soundpng" src="file://sound.png"/>
  </a>
 </div>
 <div class="c-v">
  <a href="sound://english-french/sound/M000001099.mp3">
   <img class="soundpng" src="file://sound.png"/>
  </a>
 </div>
 <div>
  <a href="entry://">
   ...
  </a>
 </div>
</div>