问题描述
我按照https://github.com/tomwalker/django_quiz上的说明使用了该项目。 我能够成功使用该项目。 但是，当我更改模板（.html文件）时，没有任何变化。即使我添加或删除整个内容。我不确定是否丢失了一些东西。 我签入views.py，但看不到任何html渲染。我是Django新手，发现很难理解views.py并对模板（如问题或类别）进行任何更改。任何帮助将不胜感激。
有趣的是，如果我对原始的base.html进行了任何更改，那么CSS和样式以及base.html中的任何其他更改都将被应用
urls.py代码
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$',view=QuizListView.as_view(),name='quiz_index'),url(r'^category/$',view=CategoriesListView.as_view(),name='quiz_category_list_all'),url(r'^category/(?P<category_name>[\w|\W-]+)/$',view=ViewQuizListByCategory.as_view(),name='quiz_category_list_matching'),url(r'^progress/$',view=QuizUserProgressView.as_view(),name='quiz_progress'),url(r'^marking/$',view=QuizMarkingList.as_view(),name='quiz_marking'),url(r'^marking/(?P<pk>[\d.]+)/$',view=QuizMarkingDetail.as_view(),name='quiz_marking_detail'),# passes variable 'quiz_name' to quiz_take view
url(r'^(?P<slug>[\w-]+)/$',view=QuizDetailView.as_view(),name='quiz_start_page'),url(r'^(?P<quiz_name>[\w-]+)/take/$',view=QuizTake.as_view(),name='quiz_question'),]
Views.py代码
class QuizMarkerMixin(object):
@method_decorator(login_required)
@method_decorator(permission_required('quiz.view_sittings'))
def dispatch(self,*args,**kwargs):
return super(QuizMarkerMixin,self).dispatch(*args,**kwargs)
class SittingFilterTitleMixin(object):
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = super(SittingFilterTitleMixin,self).get_queryset()
quiz_filter = self.request.GET.get('quiz_filter')
if quiz_filter:
queryset = queryset.filter(quiz__title__icontains=quiz_filter)
return queryset
class QuizListView(ListView):
model = Quiz
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = super(QuizListView,self).get_queryset()
return queryset.filter(draft=False)
class QuizDetailView(DetailView):
model = Quiz
slug_field = 'url'
def get(self,request,**kwargs):
self.object = self.get_object()
if self.object.draft and not request.user.has_perm('quiz.change_quiz'):
raise PermissionDenied
context = self.get_context_data(object=self.object)
return self.render_to_response(context)
class CategoriesListView(ListView):
model = Category
class ViewQuizListByCategory(ListView):
model = Quiz
template_name = 'view_quiz_category.html'
def dispatch(self,**kwargs):
self.category = get_object_or_404(
Category,category=self.kwargs['category_name']
)
return super(ViewQuizListByCategory,self).\
dispatch(request,**kwargs)
def get_context_data(self,**kwargs):
context = super(ViewQuizListByCategory,self)\
.get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['category'] = self.category
return context
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = super(ViewQuizListByCategory,self).get_queryset()
return queryset.filter(category=self.category,draft=False)
class QuizUserProgressView(TemplateView):
template_name = 'progress.html'
@method_decorator(login_required)
def dispatch(self,**kwargs):
return super(QuizUserProgressView,self)\
.dispatch(request,**kwargs):
context = super(QuizUserProgressView,self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
progress,c = Progress.objects.get_or_create(user=self.request.user)
context['cat_scores'] = progress.list_all_cat_scores
context['exams'] = progress.show_exams()
return context
class QuizMarkingList(QuizMarkerMixin,SittingFilterTitleMixin,ListView):
model = Sitting
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = super(QuizMarkingList,self).get_queryset()\
.filter(complete=True)
user_filter = self.request.GET.get('user_filter')
if user_filter:
queryset = queryset.filter(user__username__icontains=user_filter)
return queryset
class QuizMarkingDetail(QuizMarkerMixin,DetailView):
model = Sitting
def post(self,**kwargs):
sitting = self.get_object()
q_to_toggle = request.POST.get('qid',None)
if q_to_toggle:
q = Question.objects.get_subclass(id=int(q_to_toggle))
if int(q_to_toggle) in sitting.get_incorrect_questions:
sitting.remove_incorrect_question(q)
else:
sitting.add_incorrect_question(q)
return self.get(request)
def get_context_data(self,**kwargs):
context = super(QuizMarkingDetail,self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['questions'] =\
context['sitting'].get_questions(with_answers=True)
return context
class QuizTake(FormView):
form_class = QuestionForm
template_name = 'question.html'
result_template_name = 'result.html'
single_complete_template_name = 'single_complete.html'
def dispatch(self,**kwargs):
self.quiz = get_object_or_404(Quiz,url=self.kwargs['quiz_name'])
if self.quiz.draft and not request.user.has_perm('quiz.change_quiz'):
raise PermissionDenied
try:
self.logged_in_user = self.request.user.is_authenticated()
except TypeError:
self.logged_in_user = self.request.user.is_authenticated
if self.logged_in_user:
self.sitting = Sitting.objects.user_sitting(request.user,self.quiz)
else:
self.sitting = self.anon_load_sitting()
if self.sitting is False:
return render(request,self.single_complete_template_name)
return super(QuizTake,self).dispatch(request,**kwargs)
def get_form(self,**kwargs):
if self.logged_in_user:
self.question = self.sitting.get_first_question()
self.progress = self.sitting.progress()
else:
self.question = self.anon_next_question()
self.progress = self.anon_sitting_progress()
if self.question.__class__ is Essay_Question:
form_class = EssayForm
else:
form_class = self.form_class
return form_class(**self.get_form_kwargs())
def get_form_kwargs(self):
kwargs = super(QuizTake,self).get_form_kwargs()
return dict(kwargs,question=self.question)
def form_valid(self,form):
if self.logged_in_user:
self.form_valid_user(form)
if self.sitting.get_first_question() is False:
return self.final_result_user()
else:
self.form_valid_anon(form)
if not self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()]:
return self.final_result_anon()
self.request.POST = {}
return super(QuizTake,self).get(self,self.request)
def get_context_data(self,**kwargs):
context = super(QuizTake,self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['question'] = self.question
context['quiz'] = self.quiz
if hasattr(self,'prevIoUs'):
context['prevIoUs'] = self.prevIoUs
if hasattr(self,'progress'):
context['progress'] = self.progress
return context
def form_valid_user(self,form):
progress,c = Progress.objects.get_or_create(user=self.request.user)
guess = form.cleaned_data['answers']
is_correct = self.question.check_if_correct(guess)
if is_correct is True:
self.sitting.add_to_score(1)
progress.update_score(self.question,1,1)
else:
self.sitting.add_incorrect_question(self.question)
progress.update_score(self.question,1)
if self.quiz.answers_at_end is not True:
self.prevIoUs = {'prevIoUs_answer': guess,'prevIoUs_outcome': is_correct,'prevIoUs_question': self.question,'answers': self.question.get_answers(),'question_type': {self.question
.__class__.__name__: True}}
else:
self.prevIoUs = {}
self.sitting.add_user_answer(self.question,guess)
self.sitting.remove_first_question()
def final_result_user(self):
results = {
'quiz': self.quiz,'score': self.sitting.get_current_score,'max_score': self.sitting.get_max_score,'percent': self.sitting.get_percent_correct,'sitting': self.sitting,'prevIoUs': self.prevIoUs,}
self.sitting.mark_quiz_complete()
if self.quiz.answers_at_end:
results['questions'] =\
self.sitting.get_questions(with_answers=True)
results['incorrect_questions'] =\
self.sitting.get_incorrect_questions
if self.quiz.exam_paper is False:
self.sitting.delete()
return render(self.request,self.result_template_name,results)
def anon_load_sitting(self):
if self.quiz.single_attempt is True:
return False
if self.quiz.anon_q_list() in self.request.session:
return self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()]
else:
return self.new_anon_quiz_session()
def new_anon_quiz_session(self):
"""
Sets the session variables when starting a quiz for the first time
as a non signed-in user
"""
self.request.session.set_expiry(259200) # expires after 3 days
questions = self.quiz.get_questions()
question_list = [question.id for question in questions]
if self.quiz.random_order is True:
random.shuffle(question_list)
if self.quiz.max_questions and (self.quiz.max_questions
< len(question_list)):
question_list = question_list[:self.quiz.max_questions]
# session score for anon users
self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_score_id()] = 0
# session list of questions
self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()] = question_list
# session list of question order and incorrect questions
self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_data()] = dict(
incorrect_questions=[],order=question_list,)
return self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()]
def anon_next_question(self):
next_question_id = self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()][0]
return Question.objects.get_subclass(id=next_question_id)
def anon_sitting_progress(self):
total = len(self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_data()]['order'])
answered = total - len(self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()])
return (answered,total)
def form_valid_anon(self,form):
guess = form.cleaned_data['answers']
is_correct = self.question.check_if_correct(guess)
if is_correct:
self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_score_id()] += 1
anon_session_score(self.request.session,1)
else:
anon_session_score(self.request.session,1)
self.request\
.session[self.quiz.anon_q_data()]['incorrect_questions']\
.append(self.question.id)
self.prevIoUs = {}
if self.quiz.answers_at_end is not True:
self.prevIoUs = {'prevIoUs_answer': guess,'question_type': {self.question
.__class__.__name__: True}}
self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()] =\
self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()][1:]
def final_result_anon(self):
score = self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_score_id()]
q_order = self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_data()]['order']
max_score = len(q_order)
percent = int(round((float(score) / max_score) * 100))
session,session_possible = anon_session_score(self.request.session)
if score is 0:
score = "0"
results = {
'score': score,'max_score': max_score,'percent': percent,'session': session,'possible': session_possible
}
del self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_list()]
if self.quiz.answers_at_end:
results['questions'] = sorted(
self.quiz.question_set.filter(id__in=q_order)
.select_subclasses(),key=lambda q: q_order.index(q.id))
results['incorrect_questions'] = (
self.request
.session[self.quiz.anon_q_data()]['incorrect_questions'])
else:
results['prevIoUs'] = self.prevIoUs
del self.request.session[self.quiz.anon_q_data()]
return render(self.request,'result.html',results)
def anon_session_score(session,to_add=0,possible=0):
"""
Returns the session score for non-signed in users.
If number passed in then add this to the running total and
return session score.
examples:
anon_session_score(1,1) will add 1 out of a possible 1
anon_session_score(0,2) will add 0 out of a possible 2
x,y = anon_session_score() will return the session score
without modification
Left this as an individual function for unit testing
"""
if "session_score" not in session:
session["session_score"],session["session_score_possible"] = 0,0
if possible > 0:
session["session_score"] += to_add
session["session_score_possible"] += possible
return session["session_score"],session["session_score_possible"]
解决方法
我只是快速浏览了一下，在views.py中似乎他只是在使用通用视图，这就是为什么他从不直接调用render函数。
因此，如您在urls.py中看到的那样，该主页与views.py中的QuizListView关联。QuizListView继承自django.views.generic.ListView
如果您查看文档，将会看到默认模板名称是您指定的模型名称+'_list'
class QuizListView(ListView):
model = Quiz
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = super(QuizListView,self).get_queryset()
return queryset.filter(draft=False)
此模板位于以下路径中：django_quiz / quiz / templates / quiz / quiz_list.html
对其进行编辑，并且刷新页面时所做的更改应反映在浏览器中
,这是您的链接和模板应该如何链接的：
-
您首先在应用目录文件夹中的
urls.py文件中创建一个网址："""Defines the URL patterns for app created within django""" from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ # Home page url(r'^$',views.index,name='index'),#notice how I mention the function called index within the views.py file ... ] -
然后，在与
urls.py相同的文件夹中添加一个函数，该函数允许将模型和表单中的信息携带到模板中（但这是可选的）。def index(request): """Creating a homepage view""" return render(request,'#app_name/index.html') -
在创建
.html文件时，请记住，该文件应位于django读取的特定位置。这很可能是您的问题。您的.html文件不在django渲染的正确位置。 这是主项目目录中.html文件的常规文件路径。 ＃main_directory /＃django_app_directory /＃templates /＃django_app_name_folder / .html_file 。因此，基本上.html文件必须位于与templates和views.py相同目录下的名为urls.py的文件夹中。在templates文件夹中，创建另一个文件夹，该文件夹与您的应用程序名称文件夹相同。在此应用程序名称文件夹中，您可以放置.html文件。