更新：WiFiClientSecureTelegram和WiFiClientMQTT导致内存泄漏

编程问答 2022-11-06

问题描述

标题很容易解释，就像我在Exception 28 thrown on ESP8266-01 when connected to Adafruit MQTT and Telegram

上发布的其他问题一样

有人可能会说这是一个相同的问题，但这实际上是一个后续问题，我认为这是一个独立的问题，因为它也可能对其他人有帮助，并且在其他地方并没有真正涉及到互联网。我还将发布整个代码（就像我在上一个问题上所做的一样），尽管StackOverflow建议发布最少的代码来复制错误，因为我觉得完整地复制它是必需的。 （私人数据由PRIVATE一词代替）

#include "UniversalTelegramBot.h"
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <Adafruit_MQTT.h>
#include <Adafruit_MQTT_Client.h>

#define BOTtoken "PRIVATE"
#define fanPin 2
#define myChatId "PRIVATE"
#define AIO_SERVER      "io.adafruit.com"
#define AIO_SERVERPORT  1883
#define AIO_USERNAME  "PRIVATE"
#define AIO_KEY  "PRIVATE"

char ssid[] = "PRIVATE";
char password[] = "PRIVATE";
bool fanState;
unsigned long lastTimeBotRan = 0;
unsigned long checkTime = 1000;
int numNewMessages;
unsigned long timerStartPoint = 0;
bool timerStart;
String chat_id;
String text;
int messagesNumber;
String timerString;
String  Request;
const unsigned long rst = 300000;
boolean MQTT_connect();


WiFiClientSecure telegramClient;
WiFiClient MQTTClient;
UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOTtoken,telegramClient);
Adafruit_MQTT_Client mqtt(&MQTTClient,AIO_SERVER,AIO_SERVERPORT,AIO_USERNAME,AIO_KEY);
Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe PRIVATE = Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe(&mqtt,AIO_USERNAME "/feeds/PRIVATE");

void checkUpdates(int numNewMessages) {
  for (int i = 0; i < numNewMessages; i++) {
    chat_id = String(bot.messages[i].chat_id);
    text = bot.messages[i].text;
    String from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name;

    if (chat_id != myChatId) {
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"Unauthorized user,please refrain from texting this bot again.","");
      continue;
    }

    if (text == "/start") {
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"Welcome " + from_name + "!\n"
                              "Control your fan remotely!\n\n"
                              "/fanon: switch the fan ON\n"
                              "/fanoff: switch the fan OFF\n"
                              "/state: get the current state of the fan"
                              "/timer15: run fan for 15 minutes"
                              "/timer30: run fan for 30 minutes"
                              "/timer60: run fan for 1 hour"
                              "/timer: run fan for the amount of time you specify","Markdown");
    }

    if (text == "/fanon") {
      digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
      Serial.println("Fan on");
      fanState = true;
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"Your fan is ON","");
    }

    if (text == "/fanoff") {
      fanState = false;
      timerStart = false;
      digitalWrite(fanPin,LOW);
      Serial.println("Fan off");
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"Your fan is OFF","");
    }

    if (text == "/state") {
      if (digitalRead(2) == HIGH) {
        bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"");
      } else {
        bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"");
      }
    }

    if (text == "/timer15") {
      timerStartPoint = millis();
      digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
      timerStart = true;
      Serial.print("(/timer15) Fan on at ");
      Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"Your fan will run for 15 minutes","");
      launchTimer(15);
    }

    if (text == "/timer30") {
      digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
      timerStart = true;
      timerStartPoint = millis();
      Serial.print("(/timer30) Fan on at ");
      Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"Your fan will run for 30 minutes","");
      launchTimer(30);
    }

    if (text == "/timer60") {
      digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
      timerStart = true;
      timerStartPoint = millis();
      Serial.print("(/timer60) Fan on at ");
      Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"Your fan will run for 1 hour","");
      launchTimer(60);
    }

    if (text == "/timer") {
      messagesNumber = bot.last_message_received + 1;
      bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"How long do you want the fan to run for? (in minutes)","");
      Serial.println(messagesNumber);

      while (messagesNumber == (bot.last_message_received + 1)) {
        checkUpdates(bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1));
        timerString = bot.messages[i].text;
        yield();
      }

      if (messagesNumber < (bot.last_message_received + 1)) {
        unsigned long timer = timerString.toInt();
        Serial.println(timer);
        digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
        timerStart = true;
        timerStartPoint = millis();
        Serial.print("(/timer) Fan on at ");
        Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
        bot.sendMessage(chat_id,"Your fan will run for " + timerString + " minutes","");
        launchTimer(timer);
      }
    }
    text = "";
  }
}

void launchTimer(unsigned long timeInMinutes) {
  unsigned long timeInMillis = timeInMinutes * 60 * 1000;

  while (timerStart) {
    checkUpdates(bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1));
    if (MQTT_connect()) {
      Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe *subscription_name;
      while ((subscription_name = mqtt.readSubscription(4000))) {
        if (subscription_name == &PRIVATE) {
          Request = ((char *)PRIVATE.lastread);
          if (Request == "fanon") {
            digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
            Serial.println("(Control panel) Fan on");
            fanState = true;
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"Fan turned on through Control Panel","");
          }
          if (Request == "fanoff") {
            fanState = false;
            timerStart = false;
            Serial.println("(Control panel) Fan off");
            digitalWrite(fanPin,LOW);
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"Fan turned off through Control Panel","");
          }
          if (Request == "timer15") {
            timerStartPoint = millis();
            digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
            timerStart = true;
            Serial.print("(CP /timer15) Fan on at ");
            Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"Fan turned on for 15 minutes through Control Panel","");
            launchTimer(15);
          }
          if (Request == "timer30") {
            digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
            timerStart = true;
            timerStartPoint = millis();
            Serial.print("(CP /timer30) Fan on at ");
            Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"Fan turned on for 30 minutes through Control Panel","");
            launchTimer(30);
          }
          if (Request == "timer60") {
            digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
            timerStart = true;
            timerStartPoint = millis();
            Serial.print("(CP /timer60) Fan on at ");
            Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
            bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"Fan turned on for 1 hour through Control Panel","");
            launchTimer(60);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    if (millis() - timerStartPoint > timeInMillis) {
      digitalWrite(fanPin,LOW);
      timerStart = false;
      Serial.print("Timer run out at ");
      Serial.println(millis());
      bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"Fan turned off because timer ran out","");
    }
    yield();
  }
}

boolean MQTT_connect() {
  int8_t ret;
  if (mqtt.connected()) {
    return true;
  }  uint8_t retries = 3;
  while ((ret = mqtt.connect()) != 0) {
    mqtt.disconnect();
    delay(2000);
    retries--;
    if (retries == 0) {
      return false;
    }
  } return true;
}


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  telegramClient.setInsecure();

  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.disconnect();
  delay(100);

  Serial.print("Connecting Wifi: ");
  Serial.println(ssid);
  WiFi.begin(ssid,password);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(500);
  }

  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  pinMode(fanPin,OUTPUT);
  delay(10);
  digitalWrite(fanPin,LOW);


  Request = "";
  mqtt.subscribe(&PRIVATE);

  if (MQTT_connect()) {
    Serial.println("mqtt connected");
  }
  else {
    Serial.println("mqtt connection failed");
  }

}

void loop() {
  if (millis() - lastTimeBotRan > checkTime) {
    numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);

    while (numNewMessages) {
      checkUpdates(numNewMessages);
      numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);
    }
    lastTimeBotRan = millis();
  }

  delay(1000);

  if (MQTT_connect()) {
    Adafruit_MQTT_Subscribe *subscription_name;
    while ((subscription_name = mqtt.readSubscription(4000))) {
      if (subscription_name == &PRIVATE) {
        Request = ((char *)PRIVATE.lastread);
        if (Request == "fanon") {
          digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
          Serial.println("(Control panel) Fan on");
          fanState = true;
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"");
        }
        if (Request == "fanoff") {
          fanState = false;
          timerStart = false;
          Serial.println("(Control panel) Fan off");
          digitalWrite(fanPin,LOW);
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"");
        }
        if (Request == "timer15") {
          timerStartPoint = millis();
          digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
          timerStart = true;
          Serial.print("(CP /timer15) Fan on at ");
          Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"");
          launchTimer(15);
        }
        if (Request == "timer30") {
          digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
          timerStart = true;
          timerStartPoint = millis();
          Serial.print("(CP /timer30) Fan on at ");
          Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"");
          launchTimer(30);
        }
        if (Request == "timer60") {
          digitalWrite(fanPin,HIGH);
          timerStart = true;
          timerStartPoint = millis();
          Serial.print("(CP /timer60) Fan on at ");
          Serial.println(timerStartPoint);
          bot.sendMessage(myChatId,"");
          launchTimer(60);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (!mqtt.ping()) {
    mqtt.disconnect();
  }
}

现在，这是问题所在：我想实例化WiFiClient（连接到Adafruit MQTT）和W​​iFiClientSecure（连接到我的Telegram机器人），而不会导致崩溃，最后是Exception 28 stacktrace（其中有异常）我已经在链接的另一个问题中发布了“正常”版本和解码版本。我知道，经过数小时的研究，我无法实例化两个WiFiClientSecure实例，因为它会超出ESP01上的可用堆，而且我也知道，单独的WiFiClient或单独的WiFiClientSecure都不会碰到上述异常。 / p>

我没有发现WiFiClient和WiFiClientSecure不能一起使用，但是也许我遗漏了一些东西。因此，我的问题是：是否可以在同一代码中将WiFiClient和WiFiClientSecure分别用于两个不同的目的（分别是MQTT和Telegram）？

我希望阅读任何建议，因为我目前对创意不知所措。在此先感谢所有将提供帮助的人。

编辑：对于任何有兴趣的人，这是我的最新发现：

  • 将ESP01的CPU从80 MHz超频到160 MHz有助于缓解崩溃，实际上，它在8小时的时间内仅崩溃了一次。每30分钟从一次崩溃到8小时肯定是向前迈出的一步；
  • 我发现（感谢romkey的建议），它的WiFiClient和WiFiClientSecure不兼容，问题是由空闲堆引起的。通过删除字符串并将它们转换为char数组来释放堆，使程序在整个13小时内都不会崩溃。我可能会对此进行进一步测试，并将其保留24小时以上，以查看它是否真的可以解决。万一我会更新。

更新：发现了问题并更改了标题。问题完全出在两个库的堆使用上。这两个库都使用大量的堆空间，并且在一段时间后用完并导致异常28，因为据我所知，ESP尝试从其内存的错误部分读取数据，从而导致崩溃。我将在仅3分钟的时间内附加堆的串行输出：

41552
19448
20008
20120
20312
20200
20120
20120
20120
20312
20120
20120
20120
20312
20312
20312
20312
20312
20312
20504
20312
20312
19640

如您所见，第一个实例的堆显示超过40k，这是正常的，因为最大显示为51k-ish。然后它跳到20000，然后耗尽，即使ESP在几分钟后回收了自己的内存。

解决方法

我也在我的 ESP8266 多传感器检查和发布项目中同时使用了 WiFiClient 和 WiFiClientSecure。 虽然我的 WifiClient 一直在运行（对于 MQTT 和 ThingSpeak），但我决定将安全连接（很少需要发布到 GoogleSheets - 每 30 分钟）。 整个项目代码太大了（有5570行），所以这里是其中的一部分，并附有介绍堆使用的注释：

// heap size before call of the function: 37112
int SendGSCRPT() {
  showHeap();   // 35312
  WiFiClientSecure GoogleClient;
  showHeap();   // 27512
  GoogleClient.setInsecure();
  if (!GoogleClient.connect("script.google.com",443)) {
    GoogleClient.stop();
    return 0;
  }
  showHeap();  // 9840 !!!
  char sGog[200];
  snprintf(sGog,sizeof(sGog),"GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: script.google.com\r\nUser-Agent: PRIVATE\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n","PRIVATE");
  GoogleClient.print(sGog);
  Serial.println("request sent!");
  int res = 1;
  GoogleClient.stop();
  showHeap(); // 30104
  return res;
}
// heap size after function releases all the memory taken: 37112 again !!!
arduinoesp8266exceptionmqtttelegram

相关问答

matplotlib报错：AttributeError: module 'backend_interagg' has no attribute 'FigureCanvas'. Did you mean: 'FigureCanvasAgg'?
使用本地python环境可以成功执行 import pandas as pd impor...
gitlab登录失败，报错：This challenge page was accidentally cached by an intermediary and is no longer available.
设置时间 控制面板
后端开发常见错误
错误1：Request method ‘DELETE‘ not supported 错误还原：...
docker常见错误
错误1：启动docker镜像时报错：Error response from daemon:...
idea常见错误
错误1：private field ‘xxx‘ is never assigned 按Alt...
pip安装依赖失败
报错如下，通过源不能下载，最后警告pip需升级版本 Requirem...