Python-如何使文本块的前三行变成字典值？

问题描述

我正在上一个Python入门班，正在研究一个文本文件。
其内容的示例如下所示：

Special Type A Sunflower 
2017-10-19 18:20:30
Asteraceae
Brought to the USA by Europeans
Ingredient for Sunflower Oil
Needs full sun
Moist Soil,with heavy mulch
Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry

Tropical Sealion
2020-04-25 12:10:05
Pinnipeds 
Mostly found in zoos
Likes Fish
Likes Balls
Likes Zookeepers

Honey Badger
2018-06-06 16:15:25
Mustelidae
Eats anything

目前，我正尝试通过仅3个键将这些行转换为字典的值。

第一个键是“名称”，对应的值将是每个文本块的第一行。
第二个键是“日期”，对应的值将是每个文本块的第二行。
第三个键是“ Information”，对应的值将是每三行，并且超出每个文本块，并在文本块之间的空间处停止。我认为这也应该是值列表。

我的进度在这里：

import itertools
import os

MyFilePath = os.getcwd() # absolute directory the file is in
ActualFile = "myplants.txt"
FinalFilePath = os.path.join(MyFilePath,ActualFile)

def TextFileToDictionary():

    dictionary_1 = {}

    textfile = open(FinalFilePath,'r')
    first_line = textfile.readline()
    second_line = textfile.readline()
    third_line = textfile.readline()
    for line in textfile:
        dictionary_1["name"] = first_line
        dictionary_1["date"] = second_line
        dictionary_1["information"] = third_line
    print(dictionary_1)
    textfile.close()

TextFileToDictionary()

尽管我已将行解析为字典中的值，
我无法在每个文本块上进行迭代以确保所有文本块都成为字典值。
我也无法将每三行或更多行转换为值列表。

请注意，文本块的长度不均匀。

因此最终结果应类似于：

dictionary_1 = {'Name' : "Special Type A Sunflower",'Date' : "2017-10-19 18:20:30",'Information' : ["Asteraceae,Brought to the USA by Europeans,Ingredient for Sunflower Oil,Needs full sun,Moist Soil,with heavy mulch,Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry"]}

dictionary_2 = {'Name' : "Tropical Sealion","Date" : "2020-04-25 12:10:05","Information" : ["Pinnipeds,Mostly found in zoos,Likes Fish,Likes Balls,Likes Zookeepers"]}

以此类推。

有人知道如何更改代码以达到所需的最终结果吗？
非常感谢！

解决方法

我对TextFileToDictionary()函数的解决方案如下：

data = [] #Blank list
with open(FinalFilePath,"r") as file:  #Open file
  sections = file.read().split("\n\n")  #Split it by double linebreaks
  for section in sections:              #Iterate through sections
    lines = section.split("\n")         #Split sections by linebreaks
    if len(lines) < 3:                  #Make sure that there is the correct amount of lines
      return "ERROR!"
    data.append({                       #Add a dictionary to the data with:
      "Name": lines[0],#First line: name
      "Date": lines[1],#Second line: date
      "Information": lines[2:]          #Third line and onwards: info
    })
return data                             #Returns a list of dictionaries containing the data about each species

如果您在示例文件上运行了该函数，则它应该返回以下内容：

[
  {
    "Name": "Special Type A Sunflower","Date": "2017-10-19 18:20:30","Information": ["Asteraceae","Brought to the USA by Europeans" etc... ]
  },{
    "Name": "Tropical Sealion","Date": "2020-04-25 12:10:05","Information": ["Pinnipeds","Mostly found in zoos" etc... ]
  } #and so on.
]

,

简单版本：

def dicter(file):
    with open(file,'r') as f:
        dics = []
        blocks = [x. split('\n') for x in f.read().split('\n\n')]
        for block in blocks:
            dics.append(dict(Name=block[0],Date=block[1],Information=block[2:]))
        return dics

print(dicter('your/path/to/file'))

,

我会使用regex，split和destructuring assignment。

我建议您通过with语句读取文件，这样就不必显式关闭文件。

with open('myplants.txt') as file:
    text = file.read()

假定您已经阅读了文件，并且text是内容。

import re

text = """
Special Type A Sunflower 
2017-10-19 18:20:30
Asteraceae
Brought to the USA by Europeans
Ingredient for Sunflower Oil
Needs full sun
Moist Soil,with heavy mulch
Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry

Tropical Sealion
2020-04-25 12:10:05
Pinnipeds 
Mostly found in zoos
Likes Fish
Likes Balls
Likes Zookeepers

Honey Badger
2018-06-06 16:15:25
Mustelidae
Eats anything
"""

regex = re.compile('(?:[^\n]+\n)+',re.MULTILINE)

def parse(section):
  name,date_value,*information = section.strip().split('\n')
  return {
    'Name': name,'Date': date_value,'Information': information
  }

sections = [section for section in regex.findall(text)]
parsed_sections = [parse(section) for section in sections]

for parsed in parsed_sections:
  print(parsed)
  print()

输出

{'Name': 'Special Type A Sunflower ','Date': '2017-10-19 18:20:30','Information': ['Asteraceae','Brought to the USA by Europeans','Ingredient for Sunflower Oil','Needs full sun','Moist Soil,with heavy mulch','Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry']}

{'Name': 'Tropical Sealion','Date': '2020-04-25 12:10:05','Information': ['Pinnipeds ','Mostly found in zoos','Likes Fish','Likes Balls','Likes Zookeepers']}

{'Name': 'Honey Badger','Date': '2018-06-06 16:15:25','Information': ['Mustelidae','Eats anything']}