问题描述
我最近一直在和Alembic斗争，我不知道为什么它会颠倒正确的升级/降级更改。
我在用户模型中创建了2个新字段（about_me，last_seen），运行“ flask db migration”，然后查看版本文件，可以看到正确的迁移是降级而不是升级。
我尝试运行db.create_all，db.drop_all，删除alembic_version表但未成功。每次下面的结果相同时，我应该将DROP_TABLE命令降级，将CREATE_TABLE命令降级。
我目前能够使之正常工作的唯一方法是删除所需的表，然后手动将代码从降级复制并粘贴到升级。
迁移文件：
def upgrade():
# ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
op.drop_table('tutor_category')
op.drop_table('tutors')
op.drop_index('ix_categories_name',table_name='categories')
op.drop_table('categories')
op.drop_index('ix_users_email',table_name='users')
op.drop_index('ix_users_first_name',table_name='users')
op.drop_index('ix_users_last_name',table_name='users')
op.drop_index('ix_users_timestamp_joined',table_name='users')
op.drop_table('users')
op.drop_index('ix_reviews_rating',table_name='reviews')
op.drop_index('ix_reviews_timestamp',table_name='reviews')
op.drop_table('reviews')
# ### end Alembic commands ###
def downgrade():
# ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
op.create_table('reviews',sa.Column('id',sa.INTEGER(),autoincrement=True,nullable=False),sa.Column('user_id',autoincrement=False,nullable=True),sa.Column('tutor_id',sa.Column('rating',sa.Column('timestamp',postgresql.TIMESTAMP(),sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['tutor_id'],['tutors.id'],name='reviews_tutor_id_fkey'),sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['user_id'],['users.id'],name='reviews_user_id_fkey'),sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id',name='reviews_pkey')
)
op.create_index('ix_reviews_timestamp','reviews',['timestamp'],unique=False)
op.create_index('ix_reviews_rating',['rating'],unique=False)
op.create_table('users',server_default=sa.text("nextval('users_id_seq'::regclass)"),sa.Column('first_name',sa.VARCHAR(length=64),sa.Column('last_name',sa.Column('email',sa.VARCHAR(length=120),sa.Column('profile_img',sa.Column('password_hash',sa.VARCHAR(length=128),sa.Column('timestamp_joined',sa.Column('about_me',sa.VARCHAR(length=140),sa.Column('last_seen',postgresql.TIMESTAMP(timezone=True),name='users_pkey'),postgresql_ignore_search_path=False
)
op.create_index('ix_users_timestamp_joined','users',['timestamp_joined'],unique=False)
op.create_index('ix_users_last_name',['last_name'],unique=False)
op.create_index('ix_users_first_name',['first_name'],unique=False)
op.create_index('ix_users_email',['email'],unique=True)
op.create_table('categories',server_default=sa.text("nextval('categories_id_seq'::regclass)"),sa.Column('name',name='categories_pkey'),postgresql_ignore_search_path=False
)
op.create_index('ix_categories_name','categories',['name'],unique=False)
op.create_table('tutors',server_default=sa.text("nextval('tutors_id_seq'::regclass)"),sa.Column('price',postgresql.DOUBLE_PRECISION(precision=53),name='tutors_user_id_fkey'),name='tutors_pkey'),postgresql_ignore_search_path=False
)
op.create_table('tutor_category',sa.Column('category_id',sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['category_id'],['categories.id'],name='tutor_category_category_id_fkey'),name='tutor_category_tutor_id_fkey'),sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('tutor_id','category_id',name='tutor_category_pkey')
)
# ### end Alembic commands ###
Models.py
class Users(UserMixin,db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
first_name = db.Column(db.String(64),index=True,nullable=False)
last_name = db.Column(db.String(64),nullable=False)
email = db.Column(db.String(120),unique=True,nullable=False)
profile_img = db.Column(db.String(120),nullable=True)
password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128),nullable=False)
timestamp_joined = db.Column(db.DateTime,default=datetime.utcNow)
about_me = db.Column(db.String(140),nullable=True)
last_seen = db.Column(db.DateTime(140),default=datetime.utcNow)
def set_password(self,password):
self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
def check_password(self,password):
return check_password_hash(self.password_hash,password)
def avatar(self):
digest = md5(self.email.lower().encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
return 'https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{}?d=identicon'.format(
digest)
def __repr__(self):
return '<User {}>'.format(self.username)
class Tutors(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'tutors'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('users.id'))
price = db.Column(db.Float)
# Connecting this field to the association table.
category = db.relationship("Categories",secondary="tutor_category")
def __repr__(self):
return '<Tutor id {}'.format(self.user_id) + ',price {}>'.format(self.price)
class Reviews(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'reviews'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('users.id'))
tutor_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('tutors.id'))
rating = db.Column(db.Integer,index=True)
timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime,default=datetime.utcNow)
def __repr__(self):
return '<Review User: {}'.format(self.user_id) + ' Tutor: {}'.format(self.tutor_id) + ' rating: {}>'.format(self.rating)
class Categories(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'categories'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64),index=True)
# Connecting this field to the association table.
tutor = db.relationship('Tutors',secondary="tutor_category")
def __repr__(self):
return '<Category {}>'.format(self.name)
# Declaring the association table
tutor_category = db.Table('tutor_category',db.Column('tutor_id',db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('tutors.id'),primary_key=True),db.Column('category_id',db.ForeignKey('categories.id'),primary_key=True)
)
@login.user_loader
def load_user(id):
return Users.query.get(int(id))
Manage.py
from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
from flask_migrate import Migrate,MigrateCommand
from flask_sqlalchemy import sqlAlchemy
from app import app
from app import models
db = sqlAlchemy(app)
POSTGRES = {
'user': 'richard','pw': 'richard2906','db': 'codetutors','host': 'localhost','port': '5432',}
app.config['sqlALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'postgresql://%(user)s:\
%(pw)s@%(host)s:%(port)s/%(db)s' % POSTGRES
app.config['sqlALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
migrate = Migrate(app,db)
manager = Manager(app)
db.init_app(app)
manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand)
def create_app():
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['DEBUG'] = True
app.config['sqlALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'postgresql://%(user)s:\
%(pw)s@%(host)s:%(port)s/%(db)s' % POSTGRES
app.config['sqlALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
db = sqlAlchemy(app)
db.init_app(app)
return app
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
env.py
from __future__ import with_statement
import logging
from logging.config import fileConfig
from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config
from sqlalchemy import pool
from alembic import context
from manage import db
# this is the Alembic Config object,which provides
# access to the values within the .ini file in use.
config = context.config
# Interpret the config file for Python logging.
# This line sets up loggers basically.
fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
logger = logging.getLogger('alembic.env')
# add your model's MetaData object here
# for 'autogenerate' support
# from app.models import Users,Tutors,Categories,Reviews
target_Metadata = db.Metadata
# from myapp import mymodel
# target_Metadata = mymodel.Base.Metadata
from flask import current_app
config.set_main_option(
'sqlalchemy.url',str(current_app.extensions['migrate'].db.engine.url).replace('%','%%'))
target_Metadata = current_app.extensions['migrate'].db.Metadata
# other values from the config,defined by the needs of env.py,# can be acquired:
# my_important_option = config.get_main_option("my_important_option")
# ... etc.
def run_migrations_offline():
"""Run migrations in 'offline' mode.
This configures the context with just a URL
and not an Engine,though an Engine is acceptable
here as well. By skipping the Engine creation
we don't even need a DBAPI to be available.
Calls to context.execute() here emit the given string to the
script output.
"""
url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
context.configure(
url=url,target_Metadata=target_Metadata,literal_binds=True
)
with context.begin_transaction():
context.run_migrations()
def run_migrations_online():
"""Run migrations in 'online' mode.
In this scenario we need to create an Engine
and associate a connection with the context.
"""
# this callback is used to prevent an auto-migration from being generated
# when there are no changes to the schema
# reference: http://alembic.zzzcomputing.com/en/latest/cookbook.html
def process_revision_directives(context,revision,directives):
if getattr(config.cmd_opts,'autogenerate',False):
script = directives[0]
if script.upgrade_ops.is_empty():
directives[:] = []
logger.info('No changes in schema detected.')
connectable = engine_from_config(
config.get_section(config.config_ini_section),prefix='sqlalchemy.',poolclass=pool.NullPool,)
with connectable.connect() as connection:
context.configure(
connection=connection,process_revision_directives=process_revision_directives,**current_app.extensions['migrate'].configure_args
)
with context.begin_transaction():
context.run_migrations()
if context.is_offline_mode():
run_migrations_offline()
else:
run_migrations_online()
感谢您的帮助
解决方法
我只是猜测，当您移至flask db migrate而不是将flask_script与python3 migrate.py db migrate一起使用时，您的数据库也已更改。
看来，您的数据库（在提出问题时）已经包含要迁移的表。当它们存在但未在代码中使用/提及/导入时，显然是从Alembic删除它们的正确决定。
从这个角度来看，升级应删除表，降级后将重新创建它们。
始终在迁移脚本中导入模型（使用flask_script时），并始终使用db upgrade命令应用数据库更改，而不是自己添加表。 >
这应该导致正确的升级脚本。
关于您的代码
- 您可以创建自己的
app而不是将其导入 - 您已使用导入的
app变量绑定SQLAlchemy实例，但是还定义了另一个未使用的create_app函数？而且您也对该实例执行了db.init_app(app)（即使它是由SQLAlchemy(app)创建的）
我想这会使Alembic转向错误的app上下文，在该上下文中没有定义您的模型。另外，您的数据库包含此app中未提及的表。
这是我的migration.py：
from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
from flask_migrate import Migrate,MigrateCommand
from models import * # contains 'db.Model' classes and instance of 'db'
app = Flask(__name__)
config_path = "config.json"
app.config.from_json(config_path)
# db = SQLAlchemy(app) # <-- the "normal way"
db.init_app(app) # <-- most likely if you have defined 'db' already in 'models.py'
migrate = Migrate(app,db)
manager = Manager(app)
manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand)
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
对于那些遇到类似问题的人，我使用Flask-Script Manager作为“ python manage.py db migration”，然后更改为“ flask db migration”，并且应用程序开始正确识别模型/表。