错误:常数255与'char'类型的表达式的比较结果始终为false

问题描述

我正在研究cs50 pset4恢复,并且进展顺利。但是,当我执行if语句来检查该文件是否为JPEG时,clang开始写一些奇怪的错误消息。这是我的代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
  FILE *pFile;
  char *buffer = NULL;
  char *filename = NULL;
  // If user didn't print 2 items
  if (argc != 2) {
    printf("Usage: ./recover image\n");
    return 1;
  }
  // Open the file
  pFile = fopen(argv[1],"r");
  int j = 0;
  // checking the card by 512b chunks

  // loop (i=0,i++);
  while (5 < 6) {
    int i = 0;
    i++;

    // k=fread (buffer,512,i,*file);
    int k = fread(buffer,pFile);
    // if buffer [0]== 0xff // checking if it's the header. If yes - creating a new jpeg; if not -
    // i++
    if (buffer[0] == 0xff && buffer[1] == 0xd8 && buffer[2] == 0xff &&
        (buffer[3] & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
      // if it's not the first file,we should close the last one

      // sprintf
      sprintf(filename,"%03i.jpg",2);
      // FILE = fopen (W)
      pFile = fopen(filename,"w");
      // fwrite (buffer,j,*file1)
      fwrite(buffer,pFile);
      // j=j+1
      j = j + 1;
    }
    // if k<512 - end of the loop
    if (k < 512) {
      return 0;
    }
  }
}

我还没有完成所有剩下的事情,但是当我看到这些错误消息时我停了下来:

clang -ggdb3 -O0 -std=c11 -Wall -Werror -Wextra -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-variable -Wshadow    recover.c  -lcrypt -lcs50 -lm -o recover
recover.c:29:15: error: result of comparison of constant 255 with expression of type 'char' is always false [-Werror,-Wtautological-constant-out-of-range-compare]
if (buffer[0] == 0xff && buffer[1] == 0xd8 && buffer[2] == 0xff && (buffer[3] & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
    ~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~
recover.c:29:36: error: result of comparison of constant 216 with expression of type 'char' is always false [-Werror,-Wtautological-constant-out-of-range-compare]
if (buffer[0] == 0xff && buffer[1] == 0xd8 && buffer[2] == 0xff && (buffer[3] & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
                         ~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~
recover.c:29:57: error: result of comparison of constant 255 with expression of type 'char' is always false [-Werror,-Wtautological-constant-out-of-range-compare]
if (buffer[0] == 0xff && buffer[1] == 0xd8 && buffer[2] == 0xff && (buffer[3] & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
                                              ~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~
3 errors generated.
<builtin>: recipe for target 'recover' Failed
make: *** [recover] Error 1

我尝试使用help50,但这发生了:

clang -ggdb3 -O0 -std=c11 -Wall -Werror -Wextra -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-variable -Wshadow    recover.c  -lcrypt -lcs50 -lm -o recover
recover.c:29:15: error: result of comparison of constant 255 with expression of type 'char' is always false [-Werror,-Wtautological-constant-out-of-range-compare]
if (buffer[0] == 0xff && buffer[1] == 0xd8 && buffer[2] == 0xff && (buffer[3] & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
                                              ~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~
3 errors generated.
<builtin>: recipe for target 'recover' Failed
make: *** [recover] Error 1

Asking for help...

recover.c:29:15: error: result of comparison of constant 255 with expression of type 'char' is always false [-Werror,-Wtautological-constant-out-of-range-compare]

Not quite sure how to help,but focus your attention on line 29 of recover.c!

当我尝试谷歌搜索时,我只是得到了整个问题的答案。我不知道该怎么办,请帮助我。

谢谢, 代码丢失:)

解决方法

此实现上的

char的范围是-127到127(最小值)。因此,将其与216或255进行比较是徒劳的。因此,使其unsigned char *buffer至少存储0到255。

隐式转换将失去整数精度:将'size_t'(aka'unsigned long')转换为'int'

是说明性的:size_t在内部是unsigned long,比int可以存储更多的正数。因此,理论上您可能会出现int溢出。


类似的问题,但我的答案是C ++:

,

将缓冲区声明为uint8_t缓冲区[512],因为未分配空间来容纳512个字节。 完成操作后,请记住关闭文件,例如fclose(pFile)

,

在MSCV编译器上,我抱怨

 while (5 < 6)

第23行,

警告C4127:条件表达式恒定

,它确实是一个常数。您可以更改

        int k = fread(buffer,512,i,pFile);

第29行,

从“ size_t”到“ int”的转换,可能会丢失数据

fread()返回size_t无符号且kint,因此如果fread()读取的字节数超过INT_MAX个字节,则它可以变为负数

在这里我们也

“缓冲区”可能为“ 0”:这不符合以下规范 函数“ fread”

确保它出现在其他部分。您已将buffer声明为

char* buffer = NULL;

并且从未为其分配内存。

我改变了

char _buffer[512];
char* buffer = _buffer;

while

while (pFile) // pFile is not 0 

因为pFile是指打开的文件,所以它是真的

并将演员表添加到fread()

int k = (int) fread(buffer,(size_t)i,pFile);

所以它编译正常