在python tkinter中使用画布交换框架

问题描述

我是Python的新手，我热衷于能够在Tkinter的不同框架之间进行交换。但是我似乎无法使用Canvas做到这一点。有专家可以帮助我指出我的错误吗？ 我的主要目标是在StartPage和PageOne之间进行有效交换。

import tkinter as tk

class backbone(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        
        tk.Tk.__init__(self,**kwargs)
        container=tk.Frame(self)
        container.config(width=600,height=400,bg="beige")
        container.pack()

        self.frames={}

        for F in (StartPage,PageOne):
        
            frame=F(container,self)
            
            self.frames[F]=frame
               
        self.show_frame(StartPage)

    def show_frame(self,cont):
        frame=self.frames[cont]
        frame.tkraise()
    
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent,controller):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self,parent)
        canvas = tk.Canvas(self,width = 600,height = 400,bg='#aaaaff')
        canvas.pack()

        btn_2=tk.Button(self,text="Start Page",bg='#3ab54a',fg='blue',command=lambda: controller.show_frame(PageOne))
        btn_2.place(relx=0.35,rely=0.79,relwidth=0.3,relheight=0.1)
        btn_2.pack()

class PageOne(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self,controller):
        tk.Canvas.__init__(self,bg='#aaaaff')
        canvas.pack()

        btn_1=tk.Button(self,text="PageOne",command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage))
        btn_1.place(relx=0.35,relheight=0.1)
        btn_1.pack()

app=backbone()
app.mainloop()

解决方法

来吧。您遇到了很多问题。我评论了已修复或更改的代码中的所有内容。

import tkinter as tk


#prepare some data
ButtonPlace  = dict(relx=0.35,rely=0.79,relwidth=0.3,relheight=0.1)
ButtonConfig = dict(bg='#3ab54a',fg='blue',activebackground='#3ab54a',activeforeground='blue')
CanvasConfig = dict(width=600,height=400,highlightthickness=0)


#class names should start with a capital letter
class BackBone(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)
        #you don't need an inner frame so I got rid of it
        
        #init some vars for storing and managing pages
        self.page       = 0
        self.pages      = {}
        self.page_names = []

        #make a refererence of pages and page names
        for C in [StartPage,PageOne]:
            self.pages[C.NAME]=C(self)
            self.page_names.append(C.NAME)
             
        #you can just use one button for every page
        self.btn = tk.Button(self,text="Start Page",command=self.next_page,**ButtonConfig)
        self.btn.place(**ButtonPlace)
        
        #init start page  
        self.btn.invoke()

    def next_page(self):
        #whatever page is packed ~ forget it
        for n,f in self.pages.items():
            f.pack_forget()
        
        #get page name
        name = self.page_names[self.page]
        #pack page associated with name
        self.pages[name].pack()
        #change button text to the name of this page (same as you had it)
        self.btn['text'] = name
        #raise the button up in z-order
        self.btn.tkraise()
        #prime next page number
        self.page = (self.page + 1) % len(self.page_names)
    

class StartPage(tk.Canvas):
    #static page name reference
    NAME = 'Start Page'
    #the proper term is master ~ not parent. controller is no more
    def __init__(self,master): 
        tk.Canvas.__init__(self,master,bg='#aaaaff',**CanvasConfig)
        #you don't need a frame. make the whole thing a canvas
    
    
#apply StartPage comments to this page,as well
class PageOne(tk.Canvas):
    NAME = 'Page One'
    def __init__(self,master):
        tk.Canvas.__init__(self,bg='#ffaaaa',**CanvasConfig)
            

#this is the proper way to initialize your app            
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = BackBone()
    app.configure(bg='beige',highlightthickness=0,bd=0)
    app.resizable(False,False)
    app.mainloop()