错误:使用未声明的标识符“类名”

问题描述

我正在尝试实现“时间”类。我已经将所有声明放在Time.h中,并将实现放在Time.cpp中。然后,我在单独的文件Test.cpp中对其进行测试。编译Time.cpp文件时,出现此错误error: use of undeclared identifier 'Time'。这是代码

Time.h

#ifndef _TIME_H_
#define _TIME_H_

#include <iostream>

class Time
{
    public:
        Time();
        
        // extra constructor not provided in part 3
        Time(int hour,int min = 0,int h = 0);
        
        void setTime(int h,int m,int s);

        Time operator+(unsigned int n) const;
        Time& operator+=(unsigned int n);
        Time& operator++(); // prefix version
        Time operator++(int n); // postfix version

        // member functions you have to implement
        bool operator==(const Time &t) const;
        bool operator!=(const Time &t) const;
        bool operator<(const Time &t) const;
        bool operator<=(const Time &t)const;
        Time operator-(unsigned int n) const; 
        Time& operator-=(unsigned int n);
        Time& operator--(); // prefix version
        Time operator--(int n); // postfix version

        int getHour() const;
        int getMin() const;
        int getSec() const;

        
    private:
        int hour,min,sec;

        // output in universal format
        friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& o,const Time& t);

        // new friend functions you have to implement
        friend bool operator>(const Time& t1,const Time& t2);
        friend bool operator>=(const Time& t1,const Time& t2);
        friend int operator%(const Time& t1,const Time& t2);
};

#endif

Time.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>
#include "Time.h"

using namespace std;

Time::Time()
{
    hour = min = sec = 0;
}

Time::Time(int h,int s)
{
    setTime(h,m,s);
}

void Time::setTime(int h,int s)
{
    hour = (h>=0 && h<24) ? h : 0;
    min = (m>=0 && m<60) ? m : 0;
    sec = (s>=0 && s<60) ? s : 0;
}

int Time::getHour() const
{
    return hour;
}

int Time::getMin() const
{
    return min;
}

int Time::getSec() const
{
    return sec;
}

Time& Time::operator+=(unsigned int n)
{
    sec += n;
    if (sec>=60)
    { 
        min += sec/60;
        sec %= 60;
        if (min>=60)
        {
            hour = (hour + min/60)%24; 
            min %= 60;
        }
    }
    return *this;
}

Time& Time::operator-=(unsigned int n)
{
    sec -= n;
    if (sec < 0)
    {
        min -= ceil((sec * (-1)) / 60.0);
        sec %= 60;
        if (sec < 0)
        {
            sec += 60;
        }
        if (min < 0)
        {
            hour -= ceil((min * (-1)) / 60.0);
            min %= 60;
            if (min < 0)
            {
                min += 60;
            }
        }
    }
    return *this;
}

Time Time::operator+(unsigned int n) const
{
    Time tcopy(*this);
    tcopy += n;
    return tcopy;
}

Time Time::operator-(unsigned int n) const
{
    Time tcopy(*this);
    tcopy -= n;
    return tcopy;
}

Time& Time::operator++()  // prefix version
{
    *this += 1;
    return *this;
}

Time& Time::operator--()  // prefix version
{
    *this -= 1;
    return *this;
}

Time Time::operator++(int n)   // postfix version
{
    Time tcopy(*this);
    *this += 1;
    return tcopy;
}

Time Time::operator--(int n)   // postfix version
{
    Time tcopy(*this);
    *this -= 1;
    return tcopy;
}

bool Time::operator==(const Time &t) const
{
    if(hour == t.getHour() && min == t.getMin() && sec == t.getSec())
    {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

bool Time::operator!=(const Time &t) const
{
    if(*this == t)
    {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool Time::operator<(const Time &t) const
{
    if(hour < t.getHour() || min < t.getMin() || sec < getSec())
    {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

bool Time::operator<=(const Time &t)const
{
    if(*this < t || *this == t)
    {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& o,const Time &t)
{
    o << setfill('0') << setw(2) << t.hour << ":" << setw(2) << t.min << ":" << setw(2) << t.sec;
    return o;
}

bool operator>(const Time& t1,const Time& t2)
{
    if(t1 < t2 || t1 == t2)
    {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool operator>=(const Time& t1,const Time& t2)
{
    if(t1 < t2)
    {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

int operator%(const Time& t1,const Time& t2)
{
    int totalSec = 24 * 60 * 60;
    int earlyTime = (t1.getHour() * 3600) + (t1.getMin() * 60) + (t1.getSec());
    int lateTime = (t2.getHour() * 3600) + (t2.getMin() * 60) + (t2.getSec());
    if(earlyTime <= lateTime)
    {
        return lateTime - earlyTime;
    }
    else
    {
        return (totalSec - earlyTime) + lateTime;
    }
}

Screenshot of Error

代码有什么问题?

解决方法

_TIME_H_是问题所在。它是reserved identifier。将包含保护更改为其他标识符,例如TIME_H_

cppreference的报价:

  • 以下划线后跟大写字母开头的标识符被保留;

[...]

此处的“保留”表示标准库头文件#define或声明了此类标识符以供其内部使用,编译器可以预定义该类型的非标准标识符,并且名称处理算法可以假定其中某些标识符不是正在使用。如果程序员使用此类标识符,则行为是不确定的。

我怀疑标头<time.h>将此标头用作其自己的包含保护,并且其他标准包含之一可能包含此标头(允许所有标准库标头包含任何其他标准库标头)。

,

Time是一个太笼统的术语。 _TIME_H_可能是由其中一个系统定义的,并且您的标头在预处理期间会被跳过。

如果使用-save-temps运行编译器,它将把预处理器输出保留在名为Time.ii的文件中。您将看到编译器看不到Time.h中的任何代码。