Cython连接未知大小的char数组的python和c库之间的接口 根据DavidW的建议进行编辑编辑解决方案pyx文件:

问题描述

我有一个C库,它从文件中读取二进制数据,将其转换并将所有内容存储在大char *中,以将数据返回给调用它的任何对象。在C中可以正常工作,但是使用python / Cython时我遇到了分配内存的问题。

库原型为: int readWrapper(struct options opt,char *lineOut);

我的pyx文件有:

from libc.string cimport strcpy,memset
from libc.stdlib cimport malloc,free
from libc.stdio cimport printf

cdef extern from "reader.h":
    struct options:
        int debug;
        char *filename; 

    options opt
    int readWrapper(options opt,char *lineOut);

def pyreader(file,date,debug=0):
    import logging
    cdef options options
    
    # Get the filename
    options.filename = <char *>malloc(len(file) * sizeof(char)) 
    options.debug = debug
    # Size of array
    outSize = 50000

    cdef char *line_output = <char *> malloc(outSize * sizeof(char))
    memset(line_output,1,outSize)
    line_output[outSize] = 0

   # Call reader
   return_val = readWrapper(options,line_output)

   # Create dataframe
   from io import StringIO
   data = StringIO(line_output.decode('UTF-8','strict'))
   df = pd.read_csv(data,delim_whitespace=True,header=None)
   # Free memory
   free(line_output)
   return df 

只要line_output保持在outSize的范围内,此方法就可以正常工作。但是有些文件较大,那么如何动态地执行此操作?

根据DavidW的建议进行编辑

读者包装器就像:

int readWrapper(struct options opt,char **lineOut)
{
    // Open file for reading
    fp = fopen(opt.filename,"r");

    // Check for valid fp
    if (fp == NULL)
    {
        printf("file pointer is null,aborting\n");
        return (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    
    // Allocate memory
    int ARRAY_SIZE = 5000;
    *lineOut = NULL;
    char *outLine = malloc(ARRAY_SIZE * sizeof (char));
    if (outLine == NULL) 
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Memory allocation failed!");
        return(EXIT_FAILURE);
    } 

    // Create line and multi lines object
    char line[255];
    int numWritten = 0;
    int memIncrease = 10000;

    while (fp != feof)
    {
        // Read part of file
        reader(fp,opt,line);
        size_t num2Write = strlen(line);
        if (ARRAY_SIZE < (numWritten + num2Write + 1))
        {   // Won't fit so enlarge outLine
            ARRAY_SIZE += memIncrease;
            outLine = realloc(outLine,(sizeof *outLine * ARRAY_SIZE));
            if (outLine == NULL)
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"Memory re-allocation failed!");
                return(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            sprintf(outLine + numWritten,"%s",line);
            numWritten += num2Write;
        }
    } // data block loop
    *lineOut = outLine;

    if (fp != NULL)
    {
        fclose(fp);
    }
    return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

新的pyx文件:

from libc.string cimport strcpy,debug=0):
    import logging
    cdef options options
    
    # Get the filename
    options.filename = <char *>malloc(len(file) * sizeof(char)) 
    options.debug = debug

    cdef char *line_output = NULL

    # Call reader
    return_val = readWrapper(options,&line_output)

    # Create dataframe
    from io import StringIO
    data = StringIO(line_output.decode('UTF-8','strict'))
    df = pd.read_csv(data,header=None)
    
    # Free memory
    free(line_output)
    free(options.filename)
    return df 

这现在很好用,但是在包装器(C)和python(pyx)部分中使用任何printffprintf(stdout,...)语句都会导致

Exception ignored in: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'>
BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe

使用python3 test.py | head时。没有头部,不会显示错误。

最后,关于文件名及其分配的建议对我也不起作用。使用options.filename = file会在运行时生成TypeError: expected bytes,str found,但会编译。有趣的是,这仅在我运行如下这样调用包装程序的python代码时发生: python3 test.py | head。没有管道和头部,则不存在BrokenPipeError。因此,这没什么大不了,但是想了解是什么原因造成的。

在对BrokenPipeError进行一些搜索后,进行

编辑

此BrokenPipeError问题发生在头部而不是尾部。有关此“错误”的说明,请参见:https://stackoverflow.com/a/30091579/2885280

解决方案pyx文件:

与上述readWrapper.c一起使用的最终reader.pyx文件。内存分配由C处理,清理(最后)由pyx代码处理。

from libc.stdlib cimport free

cdef extern from "reader.h":
    struct options:
        int debug;
        char *filename; 
        char *DAY;

    options opt
    int readWrapper(options opt,char **lineOut);

def pyreader(file,debug=0):
    import logging
    import sys
    import errno
    import pandas as pd
    # Init return valus
    a = pd.DataFrame()
    cdef options options
    cdef char *line_output = NULL

    # logging
    logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stdout,format='%(asctime)s:%(process)d:%(filename)s:%(lineno)s:pyreader: %(message)s',datefmt='%Y%m%d_%H.%M.%S',level=logging.DEBUG if debug > 0 else logging.INFO)
    
    try:        
        # Check inputs
        if file is None:
            raise Exception("No valid filename provided")
        if date is None:
            raise Exception("No valid date provided")

        # Get the filename
        file_enc = file.encode("ascii")
        options.filename = file_enc
        # Get date
        day_enc = date.encode('ascii')
        options.DAY = day_enc
        
        try:
            # Call reader
            return_val = readWrapper(options,&line_output)

            if (return_val > 0):
                logging.error("pyreadASTERIX2 failed with exitcode {}".format(return_val))
                return a
        except Exception:
            logging.exception("Error occurred")
            free(line_output)
            return a

        from io import StringIO
        try:
            data = StringIO(line_output.decode('UTF-8','strict'))
            logging.debug("return_val: {} and size: {}".format(return_val,len(line_output.decode('UTF-8','strict'))))


            a = pd.read_csv(data,header=None,dtype={'id':str})
            if a.empty:
                logging.error("failed to load {} not enough data to construct DataFrame".format(file))
                return a 
            logging.debug("converted data into pd")
        except Exception as e:
            logging.exception("Exception occured while loading: {} into DataFrame".format(file))
            return a
        finally:
            free(line_output)
        
        logging.debug("Size of df: {}".format(len(a)))
        # Success,return DataFrame
        return  a
    except Exception:
        logging.exception("pyreader returned with an exception:")
        return a

解决方法

您有两个基本选择:

  1. 了解如何提前计算尺寸。

     size = calculateSize(...)  # for example,by pre-reading the file
     line_output = <char*>malloc(size)
     return_val = readWrapper(options,line_output)
    
  2. 具有readWrapper负责分配内存。 C中有两种常用模式:

    a。返回一个指针(也许使用NULL来指示错误):

    char* readWrapper(options opt)
    

    b。将指针传递给指针并进行更改

    // C 
    int readWrapper(options opt,char** str_out) {
        // work out the length
        *str_out = malloc(length);
        // etc
    }
    
    # Cython
    char* line_out
    return_value = readWrapper(options,&line_out)
    

您需要确保清除分配的所有字符串。您仍然有options.filename的内存泄漏。对于options.filename,最好通过Cython获得指向file内容的指针。只要存在file,这就有效,因此您不需要分配

options.filename = file

只需确保options不超过file(即,它不会存储起来供以后在C中的任何地方使用)。

一般

something = malloc(...)
try:
    # code
finally:
    free(something)

是确保清理的良好模式。

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