问题描述
考虑下面的关联数组:
declare -A shapingTimes
shapingTimes=([0-start]=15 [0-stop]=21 [0-anotherkey]=foo)
shapingTimes+=([1-start]=4 [1-stop]=6 [1-anotherkey]=bar)
shapingTimes+=([2-start]=9 [2-stop]=11 [2-anotherkey]=blah)
是否可以找到数组中每个条目使用的键总数? (这是数组中的每个“索引”吗?)
例如,如何计算:[开始],[停止],[另一个键] = 3个键?
此刻,我正在使用此代码中的硬编码值(3)(如下所示)可以完成这项工作,但是我想知道是否可以动态实现?
totalshapingTimes=$((${#shapingTimes[*]} / 3))
我发现这些变量返回了数组的各个方面,但没有返回键的总数。
echo "All of the items in the array:" ${shapingTimes[*]}
echo "All of the indexes in the array:" ${!shapingTimes[*]}
echo "Total number of items in the array:" ${#shapingTimes[*]}
echo "Total number of KEYS in each array entry:" #???
所需的输出:
All of the items in the array: 21 6 11 blah 15 4 bar 9 foo
All of the indexes in the array: 0-stop 1-stop 2-stop 2-anotherkey 0-start 1-start 1-anotherkey 2-start 0-anotherkey
Total number of items in the array: 9
Total number of KEYS in each array entry: 3
解决方法
declare -A shapingTimes
shapingTimes=([0-start]=15 [0-stop]=21 [0-anotherkey]=foo)
shapingTimes+=([1-start]=4 [1-stop]=6 [1-anotherkey]=bar)
shapingTimes+=([2-start]=9 [2-stop]=11 [2-anotherkey]=blah)
# output all keys
for i in "${!shapingTimes[@]}"; do echo $i; done
输出:
1-start 2-stop 1-stop 0-start 2-start 2-anotherkey 1-anotherkey 0-stop 0-anotherkey
# Leading numbers and "-" removed:
for i in "${!shapingTimes[@]}"; do echo ${i/#[0-9]*-/}; done
输出:
start stop stop start start anotherkey anotherkey stop anotherkey
# put shortend keys in new associative array
declare -A hash
for i in "${!shapingTimes[@]}"; do hash[${i/#[0-9]*-/}]=""; done
echo "${#hash[@]}"
输出:
3,
一旦用-
键入数组名称,就没有直接的方法来识别超过-
字符的字符串的出现次数。
一种方法是使用其他工具来识别计数。 "${!shapingTimes[@]}"
打印数组的所有键,sort -ut- k2
根据-
分隔符后面的2 nd 字段进行唯一排序,该字段通过管道传递到{ {1}}获取行数。
wc -l
,
与@Cyrus's solution相同,但没有循环且没有子外壳:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
declare -A shapingTimes=(
[0-start]=15 [0-stop]=21 [0-anotherkey]=foo
[1-start]=4 [1-stop]=6 [1-anotherkey]=bar
[2-start]=9 [2-stop]=11 [2-anotherkey]=blah
)
# Populate simple array with keys only
declare -a shapingTimesKeys=("${!shapingTimes[@]}")
# Create associative array entries declaration string
# populated by prefix stripped keys
printf -v _str '[%q]= ' "${shapingTimesKeys[@]/#[0-9]*-/}"
# Declare the stripped keys associative array using
# the string populated just above
declare -A shapingTimesHash="($_str)"
printf 'Found %d keys:\n' "${#shapingTimesHash[@]}"
printf '%q\n' "${!shapingTimesHash[@]}"