在这种情况下,为什么使用C数组的实现优于本征?

问题描述

S。BorağanAruoba和JesúsFernández-Villaverde编写了一套相对著名的经济学编码语言基准,here可以找到这些基准。对于C ++,有两种实现可以解决随机新古典增长模型,一种使用C样式数组,另一种使用C ++ STL数组。最近,我开始练习C ++,因为我开始在一些大型模型上工作,这种语言可能会有用(尽管我希望主要在Julia中工作),并决定使用Eigen创建此代码的变体图书馆,因为我相对不熟悉它的使用。有趣的是,我使用Eigen的代码比上面链接中的两个C ++程序都慢得多。我的假设是这是由于我的实现不佳而导致的,并且由于增加了开销,这个问题太简单了,以至于Eigen不值得使用,但是我想问一下这个假设是否正确?

我使用特征值的代码是:

#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <Eigen/Dense>
#include <cmath>

int main()
{
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //Timer Start
    const auto time_0 = std::chrono::steady_clock::Now();
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //Parameter Declaration
    const double aalpha = 0.33333333333;     // Elasticity of output w.r.t. capital
    const double bbeta = 0.95;              // discount factor;

    const size_t nGridProductivity = 5;
    Eigen::Matrix<double,nGridProductivity,1> vProductivity;
    vProductivity << 0.9792,0.9896,1.0000,1.0106,1.0212;

    Eigen::Matrix<double,nGridProductivity> mTransition;
    mTransition << 0.9727,0.0273,0.0000,0.0041,0.9806,0.0153,0.0082,0.9837,0.9727;
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Steady State
    const double capitalSteadyState = std::pow(aalpha * bbeta,1. / (1. - aalpha));
    const double outputSteadyState = std::pow(capitalSteadyState,aalpha);
    const double consumptionSteadyState = outputSteadyState - capitalSteadyState;

    std::cout << "Output = " << outputSteadyState << ",Capital = " << capitalSteadyState << ",Consumption = " << consumptionSteadyState << "\n";
    std::cout << " ";


    // Capital Grid
    const int nGridCapital = 17820;
    
    Eigen::VectorXd vGridCapital(nGridCapital);
    vGridCapital.setLinSpaced(nGridCapital,0.5 * capitalSteadyState,1.5 * capitalSteadyState); 
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //required Matrices and Vectors

    Eigen::MatrixXd mOutput(nGridCapital,nGridProductivity);
    Eigen::MatrixXd mValueFunction (nGridCapital,nGridProductivity);
    mValueFunction.setZero();//Need to initialise to zero for first iteration
    Eigen::MatrixXd mValueFunctionNew(nGridCapital,nGridProductivity);
    mValueFunctionNew.setZero();
    Eigen::MatrixXd mPolicyFunction(nGridCapital,nGridProductivity);
    mPolicyFunction.setZero();
    Eigen::MatrixXd expectedValueFunction(nGridCapital,nGridProductivity);


    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //Pre-Build Output
    mOutput = (vGridCapital.array().pow(aalpha).matrix()) * vProductivity.transpose();
    std::cout << "Test mOutput" << mOutput(2,2) << std::endl;
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //Main Iteration

    const double tolerance = 0.0000001;
    double maxDifference = 10.0;
    std::size_t iteration = 0;

    while (maxDifference > tolerance)
    {
        expectedValueFunction = mValueFunction * mTransition.transpose();

        for (std::size_t nProductivity = 0; nProductivity < nGridProductivity; ++nProductivity)
        {
            // We start from prevIoUs choice (monotonicity of policy function)
            std::size_t gridCapitalNextPeriod = 0;
            for (std::size_t nCapital = 0; nCapital < nGridCapital; ++nCapital)
            {
                double valueHighSoFar = -100000.0;
                double capitalChoice = vGridCapital(0);

                for (std::size_t nCapitalNextPeriod = gridCapitalNextPeriod; nCapitalNextPeriod < nGridCapital; ++nCapitalNextPeriod)
                {
                    const double consumption = mOutput(nCapital,nProductivity) - vGridCapital(nCapitalNextPeriod);
                    const double valueProvisional = (1. - bbeta) * std::log(consumption) + bbeta * expectedValueFunction(nCapitalNextPeriod,nProductivity);
                    if (valueProvisional > valueHighSoFar)
                    {
                        valueHighSoFar = valueProvisional;
                        capitalChoice = vGridCapital(nCapitalNextPeriod);
                        gridCapitalNextPeriod = nCapitalNextPeriod;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        mValueFunctionNew(nCapital,nProductivity) = valueHighSoFar;
                        mPolicyFunction(nCapital,nProductivity) = capitalChoice;
                        // We break when we have achieved the max (note: of a monotonic function)
                        break;
                    }
                    mValueFunctionNew(nCapital,nProductivity) = valueHighSoFar;
                    mPolicyFunction(nCapital,nProductivity) = capitalChoice;
                }
            }
        }


        maxDifference = (mValueFunctionNew - mValueFunction).cwiseAbs().maxCoeff();
        mValueFunction = mValueFunctionNew;

        ++iteration;
        if ((iteration % 10 == 0) || (iteration == 1))
            std::cout << "Iteration = " << iteration << ",Sup Diff = " << maxDifference << "\n";
    }

    std::cout << "Iteration = " << iteration << ",Sup Diff = " << maxDifference << "\n";
    endl(std::cout);
    std::cout << "My check = " << mPolicyFunction(999,2) << "\n";
    endl(std::cout);

    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //Timer End
    const auto time_1 = std::chrono::steady_clock::Now();
    const auto elapsed_seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(time_1 - time_0).count();
    std::cout << "Elapsed time is   = " << elapsed_seconds << " seconds." << std::endl;
    endl(std::cout);

    return 0;
}

从本质上讲,这是上面链接代码的直接副本,其中的C数组/ STL数组被本征矩阵所取代。它需要一些整理和更多的评论,但希望它仍然可读。

在我的系统上,检查值为:

C数组版本:0.146549

STL阵列版本:0.146549

本征版本:0.146552-这很令人关注,但足够接近,以至于我可以告诉实现工作

测量的时间是:

C数组版本:0.609375

STL阵列版本:0.635014

本征版本:0.938192

程序运行之间的差异很小。

使用上面链接的github(cl /F 4000000 /o testvcpp /O2 RBC_CPP.cpp)中提到的设置,使用Visual C cl编译器对这些文件进行了编译。

解决方法

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