如何在Python Linux中使用内存映射文件

问题描述

正如我在Python文档中所见,

https://docs.python.org/3/library/mmap.html

Linux中的Python可以完全支持内存映射文件。但是,当我尝试将此想法应用于我的应用程序时。我无法运行该示例。

我的应用程序是将帧从Python文件(客户端)发送到另一个Python文件(服务器)。

客户代码

import mmap
import time
import os
import cv2 as cv

print("opening camera...")
cap = cv.VideoCapture('/home/hunglv/Downloads/IMG_8442.MOV')

mm = None
try:
    while True:
        ret,img = cap.read()
        if not ret:
            break
        if mm is None:
            mm = mmap.mmap(-1,img.size,mmap.MAP_SHARED,mmap.PROT_WRITE)

        # write image
        start = time.time()
        buf = img.tobytes()
        mm.seek(0)
        mm.write(buf)
        mm.flush()  
        stop = time.time()
        print("Writing Duration:",(stop - start) * 1000,"ms")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    pass
print("Closing resources")
cap.release()
mm.close()

服务器代码

import mmap
import time
import os
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

shape = (1080,1920,3)
n = np.prod(shape)
mm = mmap.mmap(-1,n)

while True:
    # read image
    print (mm)
    start = time.perf_counter()
    mm.seek(0)
    buf = mm.read(12)
    img = np.frombuffer(buf,dtype=np.uint8).reshape(shape)
    stop = time.perf_counter()

    print("Reading Duration:","ms")
    cv.imshow("img",img)
    key = cv.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
    key = chr(key)
    if key.lower() == "q":
        break
cv.destroyAllWindows()
mm.close()

在服务器端,我将内存索引设置为0,并尝试从内存中读取字节。但是,似乎服务器无法从客户端正确读取数据。

[已更新] 我试图在服务器端读取前12个字节。该值是常量,不再更改。

b'\ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00 \ x00'

此外, 随机帧的前12个字节是

b'\ xf5 \ xff \ xff \ xf0 \ xfa \ xfe \ xdf \ xe9 \ xed \ xd2 \ xdc \ xe0'

解决方法

首先,我发现了一个可能可行的示例,但是它使用了tagName(对于客户端和服务器来说都是相同的),这意味着它仅适用于Window:

python-mmap-ipc


接下来,我发现了可以在Linux上运行的代码:

Sharing Python data between processes using mmap

它将在磁盘上创建真实文件,将其调整为图像大小,然后在fd中使用其mmap()


我使用网络摄像头进行测试。

服务器

import mmap
import time
import os
import cv2

print("Opening camera...")

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
#print(cap.get(cv.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))  # 640
#print(cap.get(cv.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT)) # 480

shape = (480,640,3)
n = (480*640*3)

fd = os.open('/tmp/mmaptest',os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC | os.O_RDWR)
#os.write(fd,b'\x00' * n)  # resize file
os.truncate(fd,n)  # resize file

mm = None
try:
    while True:
        ret,img = cap.read()
        
        if not ret:
            break
        
        if mm is None:
            mm = mmap.mmap(fd,n,mmap.MAP_SHARED,mmap.PROT_WRITE)  # it has to be only for writing

        # write image
        start = time.perf_counter()
        
        buf = img.tobytes()
        mm.seek(0)
        mm.write(buf)
        mm.flush()
        
        stop = time.perf_counter()

        print("Writing Duration:",(stop - start) * 1000,"ms")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    pass

print("Closing resources")
cap.release()
mm.close()

客户

import mmap
import time
import os
import cv2
import numpy as np

shape = (480,os.O_RDONLY)

mm = mmap.mmap(fd,mmap.PROT_READ)  # it has to be only for reading

while True:
    # read image
    start = time.perf_counter()
    
    mm.seek(0)
    buf = mm.read(n)
    img = np.frombuffer(buf,dtype=np.uint8).reshape(shape)
    
    stop = time.perf_counter()

    print("Reading Duration:","ms")

    cv2.imshow("img",img)
    key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
    key = chr(key)
    if key.lower() == "q":
        break
    
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
mm.close()

顺便说一句:mmap()-1(无需在磁盘上创建文件)可能可以与线程(或派生)一起使用,因为它们共享相同的内存。