链接Boost Python时未定义的引用

问题描述

我对使用Linux很陌生。但是我相信我已经完成了正确的设置步骤： 适用于Python 3.8.5的wget做到了。 wget提升1.74，启动程序，。/ b2

然后boost安装并设置所有内容，除了Python不会自动检测的内容。经过数小时的挫败，我可以使用以下命令找到python：

./ bootstrap.sh --with-python = python3.8

运行./b2-调试配置--with-python

表明它在这里找到它：

notice: [python-cfg] Details of this Python configuration: notice:
[python-cfg]   interpreter command: "/usr/local/bin/python3.8" notice:
[python-cfg]   include path: "/usr/local/include/python3.8" notice:
[python-cfg]   library path: "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/config"
"/usr/local/lib"

因此，为此，我正在使用上面b2的调试输出中提到的boost include和python include文件夹成功编译我的程序。我与-lpython3.8 -lboost_python38 -lboost_system类似地链接

所有3个文件显然都被发现了，因为它没有抱怨缺少库。

Parser.o: In function `_Py_DECREF':
Parser.cpp:(.text+0x5b): undefined reference to `_Py_Dealloc'
Parser.o: In function `sections_to_html(std::__cxx11::list<DivSection,std::allocator<DivSection> > const&)':
Parser.cpp:(.text+0x1eb3): undefined reference to `PyUnicode_FromString'
Parser.cpp:(.text+0x1edf): undefined reference to `PyUnicode_FromString'
Parser.o: In function `PyInit_Parser':
Parser.cpp:(.text+0x245b): undefined reference to `boost::python::detail::init_module(PyModuleDef&,void (*)())'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::type_info::name() const':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6python9type_info4nameEv[_ZNK5boost6python9type_info4nameEv]+0x1f): undefined reference to `boost::python::detail::gcc_demangle(char const*)'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::api::object::object()':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python3api6objectC2Ev[_ZN5boost6python3api6objectC5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `_Py_Nonestruct'
Parser.o: In function `_object* boost::python::expect_non_null<_object>(_object*)':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python15expect_non_nullI7_objectEEPT_S4_[_ZN5boost6python15expect_non_nullI7_objectEEPT_S4_]+0x14): undefined reference to `boost::python::throw_error_already_set()'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::tuple boost::python::make_tuple<boost::python::handle<_object>,boost::python::handle<_object> >(boost::python::handle<_object> const&,boost::python::handle<_object> const&)':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python10make_tupleINS0_6handleI7_objectEES4_EENS0_5tupleERKT_RKT0_[_ZN5boost6python10make_tupleINS0_6handleI7_objectEES4_EENS0_5tupleERKT_RKT0_]+0x2c): undefined reference to `PyTuple_New'
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python10make_tupleINS0_6handleI7_objectEES4_EENS0_5tupleERKT_RKT0_[_ZN5boost6python10make_tupleINS0_6handleI7_objectEES4_EENS0_5tupleERKT_RKT0_]+0x51): undefined reference to `boost::python::api::object::object(boost::python::handle<_object> const&)'
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python10make_tupleINS0_6handleI7_objectEES4_EENS0_5tupleERKT_RKT0_[_ZN5boost6python10make_tupleINS0_6handleI7_objectEES4_EENS0_5tupleERKT_RKT0_]+0xda): undefined reference to `boost::python::api::object::object(boost::python::handle<_object> const&)'
Parser.o: In function `void boost::python::def<boost::python::tuple (*)(char const*)>(char const*,boost::python::tuple (*)(char const*))':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python3defIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcEEEvS4_T_[_ZN5boost6python3defIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcEEEvS4_T_]+0x50): undefined reference to `boost::python::detail::scope_setattr_doc(char const*,boost::python::api::object const&,char const*)'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::api::object boost::python::detail::make_function_aux<boost::python::tuple (*)(char const*),boost::python::default_call_policies,boost::mpl::vector2<boost::python::tuple,char const*> >(boost::python::tuple (*)(char const*),boost::python::default_call_policies     const&,char const*> const&)':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python6detail17make_function_auxIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IS3_S5_EEEENS0_3api6objectET_RKT0_RKT1_    [_ZN5boost6python6detail17make_function_auxIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IS3_S5_EEEENS0_3api6objectET_RKT0_RKT1_]+0x67): undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::function_object(boost::python::objects::py_function const&)'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::py_function_impl_base()':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python7objects21py_function_impl_baseC2Ev[_ZN5boost6python7objects21py_function_impl_baseC5Ev]+0xb): undefined reference to `vtable for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base'
Parser.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTVN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IS5_S7_EEEEEE    [_ZTVN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IS5_S7_EEEEEE]+0x30): undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::max_arity() const'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::objects::caller_py_function_impl<boost::python::detail::caller<boost::python::tuple (*)(char const*),char const*> > >::~caller_py_function_impl()':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IS5_S7_EEEEED2Ev    [_ZN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IS5_S7_EEEEED5Ev]+0x22): undefined reference to `boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base::~py_function_impl_base()'
Parser.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTIN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IS5_S7_EEEEEE    [_ZTIN5boost6python7objects23caller_py_function_implINS0_6detail6callerIPFNS0_5tupleEPKcENS0_21default_call_policiesENS_3mpl7vector2IS5_S7_EEEEEE]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for boost::python::objects::py_function_impl_base'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::converter::pointer_arg_from_python<char const*>::pointer_arg_from_python(_object*)':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python9converter23pointer_arg_from_pythonIPKcEC2EP7_object[_ZN5boost6python9converter23pointer_arg_from_pythonIPKcEC5EP7_object]+0x18): undefined reference to `_Py_Nonestruct'
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python9converter23pointer_arg_from_pythonIPKcEC2EP7_object[_ZN5boost6python9converter23pointer_arg_from_pythonIPKcEC5EP7_object]+0x34): undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::get_lvalue_from_python(_object*,boost::python::converter::registration const&)'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::converter::pointer_arg_from_python<char const*>::operator()() const':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6python9converter23pointer_arg_from_pythonIPKcEclEv[_ZNK5boost6python9converter23pointer_arg_from_pythonIPKcEclEv]+0x1e): undefined reference to `_Py_Nonestruct'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<boost::python::tuple>::get_pytype()':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python9converter23expected_pytype_for_argINS0_5tupleEE10get_pytypeEv[_ZN5boost6python9converter23expected_pytype_for_argINS0_5tupleEE10get_pytypeEv]+0x1b): undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::query(boost::python::type_info)'
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python9converter23expected_pytype_for_argINS0_5tupleEE10get_pytypeEv[_ZN5boost6python9converter23expected_pytype_for_argINS0_5tupleEE10get_pytypeEv]+0x32): undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::converter::expected_pytype_for_arg<char const*>::get_pytype()':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python9converter23expected_pytype_for_argIPKcE10get_pytypeEv[_ZN5boost6python9converter23expected_pytype_for_argIPKcE10get_pytypeEv]+0x1b): undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::query(boost::python::type_info)'
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python9converter23expected_pytype_for_argIPKcE10get_pytypeEv[_ZN5boost6python9converter23expected_pytype_for_argIPKcE10get_pytypeEv]+0x32): undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registration::expected_from_python_type() const'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::converter::registration const& boost::python::converter::detail::registry_lookup2<char const volatile>(char const volatile& (*)())':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python9converter6detail16registry_lookup2IVKcEERKNS1_12registrationEPFRT_vE[_ZN5boost6python9converter6detail16registry_lookup2IVKcEERKNS1_12registrationEPFRT_vE]+0x1f): undefined reference to `boost::python::converter::registry::lookup(boost::python::type_info)'
Parser.o: In function `boost::python::converter::pyobject_type<boost::python::tuple,&PyTuple_Type>::get_pytype()':
Parser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost6python9converter13pyobject_typeINS0_5tupleEXadL_Z12PyTuple_TypeEEE10get_pytypeEv[_ZN5boost6python9converter13pyobject_typeINS0_5tupleEXadL_Z12PyTuple_TypeEEE10get_pytypeEv]+0x7): undefined reference to `PyTuple_Type'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
makefile:8: recipe for target 'Parser' Failed
make: *** [Parser] Error 1

我看到了一堆提升名称空间的东西。

因此，这使我相信，要么在我编译的内容和正在链接的内容之间更改名称，要么与define有所不同，这导致名称空间或其他差异。

但是，如果我对以前的假设是正确的，那么我不确定如何找出原因。

编辑：我已经缩短了转储的时间，并说其中的“大部分”似乎来自提振，但是JaMiT打电话给我。这样便有完整的转储。

编辑2：我检查了我的python配置，结果是：

user @ vm：/usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu$ python python-config.py --cflags

-I / usr / local / include / python3.8 -I / usr / local / include / python3.8 -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall

user @ vm：/usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu$ python python-config.py --ldflags

-L / usr / local / lib / python3.8 / config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu -lcrypt -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -lm

编辑3：

我在/usr/local/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu的libpython3.8.a上使用了nm，发现PyUnicode_FromString和其他一些确实可以正确显示为'T'类型-with-param。

所以他们在那里。

解决方法

感谢“ sehe”提到库的排序，我做了一些Google搜索，发现了问题-我在makefile中的链接步骤是：

$（CC）$（COMMONFLAGS）$（LDFLAGS）$（LIBS）-o解析器Parser.o grammar.o words.o

我使用的其他库应该在末尾，例如：

$（CC）$（COMMONFLAGS）$（LDFLAGS）-o Parser Parser.o grammar.o words.o $（LIBS）

但是在链接器调用上固定了上述参数顺序之后，我从Python内收获了其他未定义的引用，这些引用以前从未报道过。

事实证明这不是问题，因为构建可执行文件只是第一步-确保代码可以编译并且我可以链接。

最后要获得构建可以导入到Python中的模块的makefile，我需要使用-fPIC编译所有cpp文件，然后使用-shared -export-dynamic链接

不需要Python的库，因此我最终的库是-lboost_python38 -lboost_system

在将我的LD_LIBRARY_PATH设置为指向boost / stage / lib文件夹之后，我能够导入Parser.so模块，它可以正常工作。