为什么OpenCL无法链接？

编程问答 2022-08-13

问题描述

这让我发疯。似乎每个人和他们的母亲都在Internet上的某个地方发布了有关此问题的论坛帖子，并获得了完全相同的解决方案，对我不起作用...

这是我从Internet复制的一个非常基本的“ hello world”类型的示例。我将其命名为cltest.c。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#ifdef __APPLE__
    #include <OpenCL/opencl.h>
#else
    #include <CL/cl.h>
#endif

#define MAX_SOURCE_SIZE (0x100000)

int main()
{
    const int LIST_SIZE = 1024;
    int* a = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int) * LIST_SIZE);
    int* b = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int) * LIST_SIZE);

    int i;  
    for (i = 0; i < LIST_SIZE; i++)
    {
        a[i] = i;
        b[i] = LIST_SIZE - i;   
    }
    
    //load the kernel source code into the array source_str
    FILE* fp;
    char* source_str;
    size_t source_size;
    
    fp = fopen("gpu.cl","r");
    if (!fp)
    {
        printf("Failed to load kernel");
        exit(1);
    }
    source_str = (char *)malloc(MAX_SOURCE_SIZE);
    source_size = fread(source_str,1,MAX_SOURCE_SIZE,fp);
    fclose(fp);
    
    //Get platform and device information
    cl_platform_id platform_id = NULL;
    cl_device_id device_id = NULL;
    cl_uint ret_num_devices;
    cl_uint ret_num_platforms;
    cl_int ret = clGetPlatformIDs(1,&platform_id,&ret_num_platforms);
    ret = clGetDeviceIDs(platform_id,CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU,&device_id,&ret_num_devices);
    
    //create an OpenCL context
    cl_context context = clCreateContext(NULL,NULL,&ret);
    
    //create a command queue
    cl_command_queue command_queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context,device_id,&ret);
    
    //create memory buffers on the device for each vector
    cl_mem a_mem_obj = clCreateBuffer(context,CL_MEM_READ_ONLY,LIST_SIZE * sizeof(int),&ret);
    cl_mem b_mem_obj = clCreateBuffer(context,&ret);
    cl_mem c_mem_obj = clCreateBuffer(context,CL_MEM_WRITE_ONLY,&ret);
    
    //copy a and b to their respective memory buffers
    ret = clEnqueueWriteBuffer(command_queue,a_mem_obj,CL_TRUE,a,NULL);
    ret = clEnqueueWriteBuffer(command_queue,b_mem_obj,b,NULL);
    
    //create a program from the kernel source
    cl_program program = clCreateProgramWithSource(context,(const char **)&source_str,(const size_t *)&source_size,&ret);
    
    //build the program
    ret = clBuildProgram(program,NULL);
    
    //create the OpenCL kernel
    cl_kernel kernel = clCreateKernel(program,"vector_add",&ret);
    
    //set the arguments of the kernel
    ret = clSetKernelArg(kernel,sizeof(cl_mem),(void *)&a_mem_obj);
    ret = clSetKernelArg(kernel,(void *)&b_mem_obj);
    ret = clSetKernelArg(kernel,2,(void *)&c_mem_obj);
    
    //execute the OpenCL kernel on the list
    size_t global_item_size = LIST_SIZE;
    size_t local_item_size = 64;
    ret = clEnqueueNDRangeKernel(command_queue,kernel,&global_item_size,&local_item_size,NULL);
    
    //read memory buffer c on the device to the local variable c
    int* c = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * LIST_SIZE);
    ret = clEnqueueReadBuffer(command_queue,c_mem_obj,c,NULL);
    
    //display the result to the screen
    for (i = 0; i < LIST_SIZE; i++)
    {
        printf("%d + %d = %d\n",a[i],b[i],c[i]);
    }
    
    //clean up
    ret = clFlush(command_queue);
    ret = clFinish(command_queue);
    ret = clReleaseKernel(kernel);
    ret = clReleaseProgram(program);
    ret = clReleaseMemObject(a_mem_obj);
    ret = clReleaseMemObject(b_mem_obj);
    ret = clReleaseMemObject(c_mem_obj);
    ret = clReleaseContext(context);
    free(a);
    free(b);
    free(c);
    return 0;
}

要构建，我正在使用命令

gcc -v -Wl,--verbose -H cltest.c -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\include" -L"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\lib\x64" -lOpenCL

这会生成1021行消息，但以下是（我认为）相关的消息：

(...)
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\include
 c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include
 c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../include
 c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/include-fixed
End of search list.
GNU C17 (MinGW.org GCC Build-20200227-1) version 9.2.0 (mingw32)
        compiled by GNU C version 9.2.0,GMP version 6.1.2,MPFR version 4.0.2,MPC version 1.1.0,isl version isl-0.21-GMP
(...)
. C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\include/CL/cl.h
.. C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\include/CL/cl_platform.h
... c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\9.2.0\include\stdint.h
.... c:\mingw\include\stdint.h
..... c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\9.2.0\include\stddef.h
... c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\9.2.0\include\stddef.h
(...)
C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o
attempt to open C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\lib\x64/libOpenCL.dll.a failed
attempt to open C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\lib\x64/OpenCL.dll.a failed
attempt to open C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\lib\x64/libOpenCL.a failed
attempt to open C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v11.0\lib\x64/OpenCL.lib succeeded
(...)
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x11b): undefined reference to `clGetPlatformIDs@12'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x152): undefined reference to `clGetDeviceIDs@24'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x18a): undefined reference to `clCreateContext@24'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x1b9): undefined reference to `clCreateCommandQueue@20'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x1f7): undefined reference to `clCreateBuffer@24'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x235): undefined reference to `clCreateBuffer@24'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x273): undefined reference to `clCreateBuffer@24'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x2c8): undefined reference to `clEnqueueWriteBuffer@36'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x31d): undefined reference to `clEnqueueWriteBuffer@36'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x34b): undefined reference to `clCreateProgramWithSource@20'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x383): undefined reference to `clBuildProgram@24'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x3a3): undefined reference to `clCreateKernel@12'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x3cb): undefined reference to `clSetKernelArg@16'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x3f3): undefined reference to `clSetKernelArg@16'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x41b): undefined reference to `clSetKernelArg@16'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x476): undefined reference to `clEnqueueNDRangeKernel@36'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x4dc): undefined reference to `clEnqueueReadBuffer@36'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x54d): undefined reference to `clFlush@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x55e): undefined reference to `clFinish@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x56f): undefined reference to `clReleaseKernel@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x580): undefined reference to `clReleaseProgram@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x591): undefined reference to `clReleaseMemObject@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x5a2): undefined reference to `clReleaseMemObject@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x5b3): undefined reference to `clReleaseMemObject@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Devsman\AppData\Local\Temp\ccwXijlf.o:cltest.c:(.text+0x5c4): undefined reference to `clReleaseContext@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: link errors found,deleting executable `a.exe'
(...)

我已经多次更改了每个参数的顺序，已经对指定文件的目录进行了两次，三重和四重检查，我取出了-o标志，以防万一，我尝试编译cltest.c到一个对象，然后在一个单独的调用中将它们链接起来，我就没主意了！希望有一个简单的修复程序是如此基本/显而易见，我想不起来了。预先感谢。

解决方法

暂无找到可以解决该程序问题的有效方法，小编努力寻找整理中！

如果你已经找到好的解决方法，欢迎将解决方案带上本链接一起发送给小编。

小编邮箱:dio#foxmail.com (将#修改为@）

clinkerlinker-errorsopencl

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