Azure BLOB存储REST API上传文件引发403-禁止

问题描述

我正在尝试使用共享访问密钥（SAS）将PDF上载到Azure Blob存储容器。 代码运行正常，但是突然它开始抛出 403-禁止的异常。

响应状态消息：

服务器无法验证请求。确保包括签名在内的Authorization标头的值正确形成。

如本link中所述，403的可能原因之一可能是共享访问密钥失效，因此我刷新了密钥并尝试使用新的密钥，但还是没有运气。

我正在为控制台应用程序（.NET Framework 4.6.2）调用UploadBlobToStorageContainer方法

代码：

    public string AzureStorageAccountName { get; set; }

    public string AzureStorageAccessKey { get; set; }

    public string X_MS_VERSION
    {
        get
        {
            return "2017-04-17";
        }
    }

    public string X_MS_CLIENT_REQUEST_ID
    {
        get
        {
            return _x_ms_client_request_id;
        }
    }

    public string BaseURI
    {
        get
        {
            return string.Format("https://{0}.blob.core.windows.net/",AzureStorageAccountName);
        }
    }

    private bool UploadBlobToStorageContainer(string filePath,string targetFolderPath,string containerName)
    {
        bool isuploaded = false;
        try
        {                
            FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);
            long contentLength = fileInfo.Length;
            long range = contentLength - 1;
            string method = "PUT";
            string contentType = "application/pdf";
            string blobName = fileInfo.Name;
            string blobType = "BlockBlob";
            string dateString = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("R",CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            string blobURI = BaseURI + containerName + "/" + blobName;
            string xmsHeader = $"x-ms-blob-type:{blobType}\nx-ms-date:{dateString}\nx-ms-version:{X_MS_VERSION}";
            string resHeader = $"/{AzureStorageAccountName}/{containerName}/{blobName}";

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(targetFolderPath))
            {
                blobName = targetFolderPath + "/" + fileInfo.Name;
            }
            
            if (WebRequest.Create(blobURI) is HttpWebRequest request)
            {
                request.Method = method;
                request.ContentLength = contentLength;
                request.Headers.Add("x-ms-blob-type",blobType);
                request.Headers.Add("x-ms-date",dateString);
                request.Headers.Add("x-ms-version",X_MS_VERSION);                    
                request.Headers.Add("Authorization",GetAuthorizationHeader(method,xmsHeader,resHeader,contentType,contentLength));

                using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    byte[] fileContents = null;
                    using (FileStream fs = fileInfo.OpenRead())
                    {
                        fileContents = new byte[fs.Length];
                        fs.Read(fileContents,fileContents.Length);
                        fs.Close();
                    }
                    requestStream.Write(fileContents,fileContents.Length);
                }

                if (request.GetResponse() is HttpWebResponse response)
                {
                    if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Created)
                    {
                        isuploaded = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        isuploaded = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            if (ex is WebException wex)
            {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                if (wex.Response is HttpWebResponse exr)
                {
                    sb.Append("StatusCode: " + exr.StatusCode + " - ");
                    sb.Append("Description: " + exr.StatusDescription + " - ");
                }
                sb.Append("ErrorStatus: " + wex.Status);
                Log.LogMessage(LogLevel.ERROR,"AzureBlobApi: UploadBlobToContainer: File upload Failed. Reason: " + sb.ToString());
            }
            Log.LogException(ex);
        }
        return isuploaded;
    }

    private string GetAuthorizationHeader(string method,string xmsHeader,string resHeader,string contentType,long contentLength)
    {
        //Do NOT REMOVE THE \n. It is a request header placeholder
        /*
            GET\n //HTTP Verb
            \n    //content-encoding
            \n    //Content-Language
            \n    //Content-Length (empty string when zero)
            \n    //Content-MD5
            \n    //Content-Type
            \n    //Date
            \n    //If-Modified-Since 
            \n    //If-Match
            \n    //if-none-match
            \n    //If-Unmodified-Since
            \n    //Range
            x-ms-date:Fri,26 Jun 2015 23:39:12 GMT
            x-ms-version:2015-02-21 //CanonicalizedHeaders
            /myaccount/mycontainer\ncomp:Metadata\nrestype:container\ntimeout: 20    //CanonicalizedResource
        */
        
        string strToSign = $"{method}\n\n\n\n{contentLength}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{xmsHeader}\n{resHeader}";

        string signatureString = GetHashedString(strToSign,AzureStorageAccessKey);

        string authorizationHeader = string.Format(
             CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,"{0} {1}:{2}","SharedKey",AzureStorageAccountName,signatureString);

        return authorizationHeader;
    }

    private string GetHashedString(string signingString,string accessKey)
    {
        string encString = "";
        try
        {
            byte[] unicodeKey = Convert.FromBase64String(accessKey);
            using (HMACSHA256 hmacSha256 = new HMACSHA256(unicodeKey))
            {
                byte[] dataToHmac = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signingString);
                encString = Convert.ToBase64String(hmacSha256.ComputeHash(dataToHmac));
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Log.LogMessage(LogLevel.ERROR,$"AzureBlobApi: GetHashedString: Exception getting hash string {ex.Message}");
        }
        return encString;
    }

标题

PUT



518262







x-ms-blob-type:BlockBlob
x-ms-date:Sun,30 Aug 2020 08:43:31 GMT
x-ms-version:2017-04-17
/mystorage/documentcontainer/cricket/test document.pdf

任何帮助将不胜感激。

谢谢 拉古纳森S

解决方法

Http 403通常是由身份验证失败引起的，请确保SAS具有足够的权限在指定容器中创建和写入blob，并确保容器本身已经存在（因为它需要附加权限才能创建容器），以便有关SAS权限的更多详细信息，请参阅Create a service SAS和Create an account SAS.

一种简单的验证SAS是否具有足够权限的方法是在您的代码中调用Azure存储客户端库的blockBlob.UploadFromFile()，然后查看它是否有效或是否报告了相同的错误。

要在DMLib中使用容器SAS：

CloudBlockBlob blob = new CloudBlockBlob(new Uri("https://<storage>.blob.core.windows.net/<container_name/testaaa?st=2020-02-15T08%3A30%3A00Z&se=2020-02-20T08%3A30%3A00Z&sp=rwdl&sv=2016-05-31&sr=c&sig=<Replaced>"));
TransferManager.UploadAsync(@"c:\Test.pdf",blob).Wait();

请让我知道您是否能够使用以上信息解决该问题。

,

您的代码中有一些错误。

1。在GetAuthorizationHeader()方法中，请使用以下代码行代替您的代码：

string strToSign = $"{method}\n\n\n{contentLength}\n\n{contentType}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{xmsHeader}\n{resHeader}";

2。在UploadBlobToStorageContainer()方法中，请将contentType添加到请求中，如下所示：

                request.Method = method;

                //add contentType here
                request.ContentType = contentType;
                request.ContentLength = contentLength;
                request.Headers.Add("x-ms-blob-type",blobType);

3。对于X_MS_VERSION，我建议您可以使用最新版本2019-12-12，如下所示：

    public string X_MS_VERSION
    {
        get
        {
            return "2019-12-12";
        }
    }

最后，我发布了工作代码示例。如果仍有问题，请尝试以下代码（请注意，我假设示例中的targetFolderPath为空，如果要将文件上传到目录，请根据以下代码进行调整）：

    //other code

    public string X_MS_VERSION
    {
        get
        {
            return "2019-12-12";
        }
    }



    private bool UploadBlobToStorageContainer(string filePath,string targetFolderPath,string containerName)
    {
        bool isUploaded = false;
        try
        {
            FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);
            long contentLength = fileInfo.Length;
            long range = contentLength;
            string method = "PUT";
            string contentType = "application/pdf";
            string blobName = fileInfo.Name;
            string blobType = "BlockBlob";
            string dateString = DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("R",CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            string blobURI = BaseURI + containerName + "/" + blobName;
            string xmsHeader = $"x-ms-blob-type:{blobType}\nx-ms-date:{dateString}\nx-ms-version:{X_MS_VERSION}";
            string resHeader = $"/{AzureStorageAccountName}/{containerName}/{blobName}";

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(targetFolderPath))
            {
                blobName = targetFolderPath + "/" + fileInfo.Name;
            }

            if (WebRequest.Create(blobURI) is HttpWebRequest request)
            {
                request.Method = method;
                request.ContentType = contentType;
                request.ContentLength = contentLength;
                request.Headers.Add("x-ms-blob-type",blobType);
                request.Headers.Add("x-ms-date",dateString);
                request.Headers.Add("x-ms-version",X_MS_VERSION);
                request.Headers.Add("Authorization",GetAuthorizationHeader(method,xmsHeader,resHeader,contentType,contentLength));

                using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    byte[] fileContents = null;
                    using (FileStream fs = fileInfo.OpenRead())
                    {
                        fileContents = new byte[fs.Length];
                        fs.Read(fileContents,fileContents.Length);
                        fs.Close();
                    }
                    requestStream.Write(fileContents,fileContents.Length);
                }

                if (request.GetResponse() is HttpWebResponse response)
                {
                    if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Created)
                    {
                        isUploaded = true;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        isUploaded = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            if (ex is WebException wex)
            {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                if (wex.Response is HttpWebResponse exr)
                {
                    sb.Append("StatusCode: " + exr.StatusCode + " - ");
                    sb.Append("Description: " + exr.StatusDescription + " - ");
                }
                sb.Append("ErrorStatus: " + wex.Status);
                Log.LogMessage(LogLevel.ERROR,"AzureBlobApi: UploadBlobToContainer: File upload failed. Reason: " + sb.ToString());
            }
            Log.LogException(ex);
        }
        return isUploaded;
    }




   private string GetAuthorizationHeader(string method,string xmsHeader,string resHeader,string contentType,long contentLength)
    {
        //Do NOT REMOVE THE \n. It is a request header placeholder
        /*
            GET\n //HTTP Verb
            \n    //Content-Encoding
            \n    //Content-Language
            \n    //Content-Length (empty string when zero)
            \n    //Content-MD5
            \n    //Content-Type
            \n    //Date
            \n    //If-Modified-Since 
            \n    //If-Match
            \n    //If-None-Match
            \n    //If-Unmodified-Since
            \n    //Range
            x-ms-date:Fri,26 Jun 2015 23:39:12 GMT
            x-ms-version:2015-02-21 //CanonicalizedHeaders
            /myaccount/mycontainer\ncomp:metadata\nrestype:container\ntimeout: 20    //CanonicalizedResource
        */

        string strToSign = $"{method}\n\n\n{contentLength}\n\n{contentType}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{xmsHeader}\n{resHeader}";

        string signatureString = GetHashedString(strToSign,AzureStorageAccessKey);

        string authorizationHeader = string.Format(
             CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,"{0} {1}:{2}","SharedKey",AzureStorageAccountName,signatureString);

        return authorizationHeader;
    }



   //other code

,

找到了解决我问题的方法。当我通过POSTMAN运行请求时，发现标头中的资源uri是URLEncoded，这在我的代码和我要上载为“测试文档”之间的空格的文件名中并未执行.pdf”

PostMan的回复

'PUT


518262

application/pdf






x-ms-blob-type:BlockBlob
x-ms-date:Mon,31 Aug 2020 04:41:25 GMT
x-ms-version:2019-12-12
/mystorage/documentcontainer/cricket/test%20document.pdf'

而从我的代码生成的用于签名的标头是

PUT



518262







x-ms-blob-type:BlockBlob
x-ms-date:Sun,30 Aug 2020 08:43:31 GMT
x-ms-version:2017-04-17
/mystorage/documentcontainer/cricket/test document.pdf

当我在代码中进行以下更改时，通过对文件名进行URL编码

string blobName = Uri.EscapeUriString(fileInfo.Name);

工作正常，文件成功上传。

感谢大家的帮助。