链接有效，但是ldd不显示链接的库，运行时失败

问题描述

我正在尝试从this回购中编译一个库。在根文件夹中运行make test会生成一个依赖于tests和libpcreposix的可执行文件libpcre。链接行如下所示：

gfortran -std=f2008 -fall-intrinsics -ffree-line-length-none -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wno-target-lifetime -Wno-compare-reals -Jbuild.gnu.debug -g -Og -fcheck=bounds,do,mem,pointer,recursion -Isrc -Itests  -DUSE_PCRE tests/tests.F90 build.gnu.debug/*.o -lpcreposix -lpcre -o build.gnu.debug/tests

如您所见，所需的库通过-lpcreposix -lpcre链接，并且该行成功执行，生成可执行文件tests，但是该可执行文件在运行时崩溃。我强烈怀疑这次崩溃与这些库有关，因此我运行了ldd tests，它显示了以下输出：

$ ldd build.gnu.debug/tests
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe5b481000)
libgfortran.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.5 (0x00007fd307a59000)
libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fd30790a000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fd3078ef000)
libquadmath.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007fd3078a5000)
libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd3076b3000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd307e24000)

如您所见，libpcreposix和libpcre甚至不在此列表中。这些库是通过sudo apt install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev安装的，我可以在/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcreposix.so.3.13和/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.3中看到它们。我已将此路径添加到LD_LIBRARY_PATH（在此之前甚至不存在），但是它没有任何改变。

$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH 
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

可执行文件tests绝对依赖于这些库，但是以防万一我还试图将-Wl,--no-as-needed添加到链接行中，该行也没有做任何更改。我在另一台机器上尝试了完全相同的操作顺序，但没有任何问题（我能够在ldd的输出中看到所需的库），因此它必须与我的机器的设置有关。我遇到问题的计算机是最近创建的虚拟机（Ubuntu 20），因此我可能忘记了在此处安装一些设置。

编辑：

与-Wl,--verbose链接的输出：

$ gfortran -std=f2008 -fall-intrinsics -ffree-line-length-none -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wno-target-lifetime -Wno-compare-reals -Jbuild.gnu.debug -g -Og -fcheck=bounds,recursion -Isrc -Itests  -DUSE_PCRE tests/tests.F90 build.gnu.debug/*.o -lpcreposix -lpcre -o build.gnu.debug/tests -Wl,--verbose
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34
  Supported emulations:
   elf_x86_64
   elf32_x86_64
   elf_i386
   elf_iamcu
   elf_l1om
   elf_k1om
   i386pep
   i386pe
using internal linker script:
==================================================
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==================================================
/usr/bin/ld: mode elf_x86_64
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o succeeded
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/tmp/ccJNio1k.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/Animals.o succeeded
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attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlArrayIntAlgorithms.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlArrayIntAlgorithms.o
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcreposix.so
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attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
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opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
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opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
attempt to open libgcc_s.so.1 Failed
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attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libquadmath.so succeeded
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attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libm.so Failed
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attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
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opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
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opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
attempt to open libgcc_s.so.1 Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so.1 Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.so Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.so Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libc.so Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libc.a Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a
(/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
attempt to open libgcc_s.so.1 Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so.1 Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.so Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.so Failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtendS.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtendS.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
libquadmath.so.0 needed by /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgfortran.so
found libquadmath.so at /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libquadmath.so
libgcc_s.so.1 needed by /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgfortran.so
found libgcc_s.so.1 at /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgfortran.so
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

解决方法

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