如何使用从密码派生的密钥正确加密和解​​密文件

问题描述

我正在尝试制定使用“ PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256”标准加密和解密文件的正确过程。

从我对Oracle的example code的了解中了解到。

我已经收集到需要盐,以及迭代计数和哈希标准。

所以我有我的主要方法,传递给加密方法:

  1. 用户定义的密码new String(key).toCharArray()作为字节数组(使用此方法进行其他加密)
  2. 安全的随机IV initVector作为字节数组
  3. 纯文本文件inputFile作为字符串
  4. 要创建的密文文件outputFile作为字符串的名称

我已经按照代码示例进行了编码,以证明我认为对于加密方法是正确的。然后,我将盐和IV都添加到密文中,以用于解密。

private static void encrypt(byte[] key,byte[] initVector,String inputFile,String outputFile) //exceptions for throws... {
    //Initalisation for encryption
    Cipher cipher;

    byte[] salt = new byte[16];

        SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();

        // Salt randomly generated with base64
        rand.nextBytes(salt);
        System.out.println("my salt should be" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(salt));
        salt = Base64.getEncoder().encode(salt);

        // Iteration count
        int count = 1000;

        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(initVector);
        
        // Create PBE parameter set
        PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(salt),count,iv);                
        // Convert pass into SecretKey object
        PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(new String(key).toCharArray());
        SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
        SecretKey pbeKey;
        try {
            pbeKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);
        } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            System.out.println("Sorry,the password specified cannot be used as a secret key");
            System.out.println("Please check that your password uses valid characters");
            return;
        }

        // Create PBE Cipher
        cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");

        // Initialize PBE Cipher with key and parameters
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,pbeKey,pbeParamSpec);
    }

    //File error checking and file handling (i.e. generating file paths)...

    System.out.println("Secret key is " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(key));
    System.out.println("IV is " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(initVector));

    //Special file reading and writing with 'Cipher Stream'
    try (InputStream fin = FileEncryptor.class.getResourceAsStream(loadFile.getName());
            OutputStream fout = Files.newOutputStream(saveFile);

            CipherOutputStream cipherOut = new CipherOutputStream(fout,cipher) {
            }) {
        final byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        for(int length=fin.read(bytes); length!=-1; length = fin.read(bytes)){

                fout.write(initVector);
                fout.write(salt);

            cipherOut.write(bytes,length);

        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Something went wrong with reading and writing these files!");
        System.out.println("Please check you have the latest version of this program");
        System.out.println("Contact your IT admin to make sure you have sufficient privileges");
    }
    System.out.println("SUCCESS! Encryption finished,saved at specified location");
}

然后我还有我的主要方法,传递给解密方法:

  1. 用户定义的密码String inputKEY作为字符串(也使用此方法进行其他解密运行)

  2. inputIV的字符串,因为未用于PBE,所以已作为null传入。

  3. 密文文件inputFile作为字符串

  4. 要创建的显示纯文本文件outputFile的名称为字符串

    私有静态无效解密(String inputKEY,String inputIV,String inputFile,String outputFile){ 密码cipher = null;

     //File error checking and file handling (i.e. generating file paths)...
    
     InputStream encryptedData = Files.newInputStream(loadFilePath);
    
    
         PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(inputKEY.toCharArray());
         SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
         SecretKey pbeKey = null;
         try {
             pbeKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);
         } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         byte[] initVect = new byte[16];
         encryptedData.read(initVect);
    
         IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(initVect);
    
         byte[] salt = new byte[16];
         encryptedData.read(salt);
    
         PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(salt),1000,iv);  
         cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
    
         System.out.println("my salt should be" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(Base64.getDecoder().decode(salt)));
    
         cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,pbeParamSpec); 
    
     try (CipherInputStream decryptStream = new CipherInputStream(encryptedData,cipher);    
             OutputStream decryptedOut = Files.newOutputStream(saveFile)){
         final byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
         for(int length=decryptStream.read(bytes); length!=-1; length = decryptStream.read(bytes)){
             decryptedOut.write(bytes,length);
         }
     } catch (IOException e) { //This is caught when decryption is run
         System.out.println("Something went wrong with reading and writing these files!");
         System.out.println("Please check you have the latest version of this program");
         System.out.println("Contact your IT admin to make sure you have sufficient privileges");
     }
    
     System.out.println("SUCESS! Decryption finished,saved at specified location");
    

    }

根据我对PBE的理解,我认为有些事情是不对的,因此,我实施它的方式可能是错误的。谁能指出什么地方错了?

解决方法

主要问题是:

  • IV和Salt不能写在for循环内。
  • IV以encrypt的形式存储,没有经过Base64编码,但是以decrypt的Base64解码。
  • 这16个字节的salt存储在encrypt中(不必要)以Base64编码,即存储24个字节。但是,在decrypt中仅加载16个字节。

也:

  • 在编码/解码时,有时未指定编码,因此使用默认编码。
  • encryptdecrypt为key和IV使用不同的参数类型。
  • 代码中有很多复制/粘贴错误。

注意:与您的代码相反,linked代码除了确定密钥外,还从密码和盐中确定IV。 在您的代码中,IV已通过。因此,您必须确保密钥/ IV对只能使用一次。通常,每次加密都会生成一个随机IV。

在下面的代码(基于您的代码,但是为了简单起见,没有异常处理)中,这些问题已得到解决/优化。此外,代码适用FileInputStreamFileOutputStream而不是您的类(但这不是必需的):

private static void encrypt(String key,byte[] initVector,String inputFile,String outputFile) throws Exception {

    // Key
    PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(key.toCharArray());
    SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
    SecretKey pbeKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);

    // IV
    IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(initVector);

    // Salt
    SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();
    byte[] salt = new byte[16];
    rand.nextBytes(salt);

    // ParameterSpec
    int count = 1000; // should be larger,see Michael Fehr's comment
    PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt,count,iv);

    // Cipher
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,pbeKey,pbeParamSpec);

    try (FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
         FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
         CipherOutputStream cipherOut = new CipherOutputStream(fout,cipher)) {
    
        // Write IV,Salt
        fout.write(initVector);
        fout.write(salt);
    
        // Encrypt
        final byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        for (int length = fin.read(bytes); length != -1; length = fin.read(bytes)) {
            cipherOut.write(bytes,length);
        }
    } 
}
private static void decrypt(String key,byte[] initVect,String outputFile) throws Exception {

    try (FileInputStream encryptedData = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
         FileOutputStream decryptedOut = new FileOutputStream(outputFile)) {

        // Key
        PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(key.toCharArray());
        SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
        SecretKey pbeKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);

        // Read IV
        if (initVect == null) {
            initVect = encryptedData.readNBytes(16);
        }
        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(initVect);

        // Read salt
        byte[] salt = encryptedData.readNBytes(16);

        // ParameterSpec
        int count = 1000;
        PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt,iv);

        // Cipher
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,pbeParamSpec);

        try (CipherInputStream decryptStream = new CipherInputStream(encryptedData,cipher)) {
        
            // Decrypt
            final byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            for (int length = decryptStream.read(bytes); length != -1; length = decryptStream.read(bytes)) {
                decryptedOut.write(bytes,length);
            }
        } 
    }
}

编辑-关于decrypt中盐和IV的读数:
GPI 在其评论中指出,FileInputStream.read(byte[] b)通常读取b.length字节,但这不保证。更可靠的方法是确定读取数据的长度,然后循环调用该方法,直到数据完成为止。另一种选择是使用InputStream.readNBytes​(int len),它被保证 读取len字节(除非遇到流末尾或引发异常),如 Zabuzard 已建议。在代码中,现在使用后者,即readreadNBytes​取代。

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