用R中的另一个特定模式重命名多个文件的特定模式

问题描述

我对R很陌生，可以在重命名文件时使用一些帮助。

这些是文件：

 [1] "MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015182092934_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [2] "MYD11C3.A2004001.006.2015213013933_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [3] "MYD11C3.A2005001.006.2015243211529_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [4] "MYD11C3.A2006001.006.2015274114332_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [5] "MYD11C3.A2007001.006.2015309201228_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [6] "MYD11C3.A2008001.006.2015338170025_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [7] "MYD11C3.A2009001.006.2016001145426_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [8] "MYD11C3.A2010001.006.2016035025512_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [9] "MYD11C3.A2011001.006.2016053231728_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[10] "MYD11C3.A2012001.006.2016106151313_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[11] "MYD11C3.A2013001.006.2016189231222_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[12] "MYD11C3.A2014001.006.2016198015925_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[13] "MYD11C3.A2015001.006.2016223172712_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[14] "MYD11C3.A2016001.006.2016242200237_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[15] "MYD11C3.A2017001.006.2017032230414_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[16] "MYD11C3.A2018001.006.2018032175447_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[17] "MYD11C3.A2019001.006.2019035162351_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"

模式“ A2003” ...“ A2019”应重命名为“ A2002” ...“ A2018”。

谢谢！

解决方法

您可以使用str_replace()中的stringr，该函数可以将函数传递给替换对象。每次匹配都会调用一次，返回值将用于替换匹配。

stringr::str_replace(vec,"(?<=A)\\d{4}",function(x) as.numeric(x) - 1)

#  [1] "MYD11C3.A2002001.006.2015182092934_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
#  [2] "MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015213013933_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
#  [3] "MYD11C3.A2004001.006.2015243211529_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"

数据

vec = c("MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015182092934_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2004001.006.2015213013933_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2005001.006.2015243211529_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif")

我建议这种tidyverse方法将字符串分成几列，格式化所需的值，然后再重新进行联接。这里的代码：

library(tidyverse)
#Code
df %>%
  #Separate by period
  separate(V1,into = c(paste0('V',1:5)),sep = '\\.') %>%
  #Remove text
  mutate(V2=gsub('A|001','',V2)) %>%
  #Format year
  mutate(V2=paste0('A',as.numeric(V2)-1,'001')) %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  #Collapse all
  mutate(V=paste(V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,sep = '.')) %>% select(V)

输出：

# A tibble: 17 x 1
# Rowwise: 
   V                                                           
   <chr>                                                       
 1 MYD11C3.A2002001.006.2015182092934_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
 2 MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015213013933_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
 3 MYD11C3.A2004001.006.2015243211529_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
 4 MYD11C3.A2005001.006.2015274114332_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
 5 MYD11C3.A2006001.006.2015309201228_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
 6 MYD11C3.A2007001.006.2015338170025_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
 7 MYD11C3.A2008001.006.2016001145426_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
 8 MYD11C3.A2009001.006.2016035025512_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
 9 MYD11C3.A2010001.006.2016053231728_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
10 MYD11C3.A2011001.006.2016106151313_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
11 MYD11C3.A2012001.006.2016189231222_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
12 MYD11C3.A2013001.006.2016198015925_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
13 MYD11C3.A2014001.006.2016223172712_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
14 MYD11C3.A2015001.006.2016242200237_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
15 MYD11C3.A2016001.006.2017032230414_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
16 MYD11C3.A2017001.006.2018032175447_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif
17 MYD11C3.A2018001.006.2019035162351_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif

使用了一些数据：

#Data
df <- structure(list(V1 = c("MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015182092934_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2005001.006.2015243211529_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2006001.006.2015274114332_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2007001.006.2015309201228_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2008001.006.2015338170025_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2009001.006.2016001145426_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2010001.006.2016035025512_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2011001.006.2016053231728_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2012001.006.2016106151313_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2013001.006.2016189231222_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2014001.006.2016198015925_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2015001.006.2016223172712_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2016001.006.2016242200237_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2017001.006.2017032230414_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2018001.006.2018032175447_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2019001.006.2019035162351_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
)),class = "data.frame",row.names = c(NA,-17L))

欢迎来到regex的世界。

df <- structure(list(V1 = c("MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015182092934_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif",-17L))


df %>%
  as_tibble() %>% 
  mutate(current_year = str_extract(V1,pattern = "(?<=\\.A)\\d{4}") %>% as.numeric() - 1,new_file_name = str_replace(V1,pattern = "(?<=\\.A)\\d{4}",replacement = as.character(current_year)))

输出

V1                                       current_year new_file_name                             
   <chr>                                           <dbl> <chr>                                     
 1 MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015182092934_LST_~         2002 MYD11C3.A2002001.006.2015182092934_LST_Da~
 2 MYD11C3.A2004001.006.2015213013933_LST_~         2003 MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015213013933_LST_Da~
 3 MYD11C3.A2005001.006.2015243211529_LST_~         2004 MYD11C3.A2004001.006.2015243211529_LST_Da~
 4 MYD11C3.A2006001.006.2015274114332_LST_~         2005 MYD11C3.A2005001.006.2015274114332_LST_Da~
 5 MYD11C3.A2007001.006.2015309201228_LST_~         2006 MYD11C3.A2006001.006.2015309201228_LST_Da~
 6 MYD11C3.A2008001.006.2015338170025_LST_~         2007 MYD11C3.A2007001.006.2015338170025_LST_Da~
 7 MYD11C3.A2009001.006.2016001145426_LST_~         2008 MYD11C3.A2008001.006.2016001145426_LST_Da~
 8 MYD11C3.A2010001.006.2016035025512_LST_~         2009 MYD11C3.A2009001.006.2016035025512_LST_Da~
 9 MYD11C3.A2011001.006.2016053231728_LST_~         2010 MYD11C3.A2010001.006.2016053231728_LST_Da~
10 MYD11C3.A2012001.006.2016106151313_LST_~         2011 MYD11C3.A2011001.006.2016106151313_LST_Da~
11 MYD11C3.A2013001.006.2016189231222_LST_~         2012 MYD11C3.A2012001.006.2016189231222_LST_Da~
12 MYD11C3.A2014001.006.2016198015925_LST_~         2013 MYD11C3.A2013001.006.2016198015925_LST_Da~
13 MYD11C3.A2015001.006.2016223172712_LST_~         2014 MYD11C3.A2014001.006.2016223172712_LST_Da~
14 MYD11C3.A2016001.006.2016242200237_LST_~         2015 MYD11C3.A2015001.006.2016242200237_LST_Da~
15 MYD11C3.A2017001.006.2017032230414_LST_~         2016 MYD11C3.A2016001.006.2017032230414_LST_Da~
16 MYD11C3.A2018001.006.2018032175447_LST_~         2017 MYD11C3.A2017001.006.2018032175447_LST_Da~
17 MYD11C3.A2019001.006.2019035162351_LST_~         2018 MYD11C3.A2018001.006.2019035162351_LST_Da~

对于基本R解决方案，可以将sapply()与sub()一起使用。这样会提取文件名中".A"之后的4位数字，然后在减去1（用paste0()代替".A"）的同时替换它们。

sapply(vec,function(x) {
  num <- as.integer(sub(".*?\\.A(\\d{4}).*","\\1",x))
  sub("(\\.A\\d{4})",paste0(".A",num - 1),x)
},USE.NAMES = FALSE)  # USE.NAMES = FALSE just for cleaner output on SO,no functional reason

 [1] "MYD11C3.A2002001.006.2015182092934_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [2] "MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015213013933_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [3] "MYD11C3.A2004001.006.2015243211529_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [4] "MYD11C3.A2005001.006.2015274114332_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [5] "MYD11C3.A2006001.006.2015309201228_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [6] "MYD11C3.A2007001.006.2015338170025_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [7] "MYD11C3.A2008001.006.2016001145426_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [8] "MYD11C3.A2009001.006.2016035025512_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
 [9] "MYD11C3.A2010001.006.2016053231728_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[10] "MYD11C3.A2011001.006.2016106151313_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[11] "MYD11C3.A2012001.006.2016189231222_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[12] "MYD11C3.A2013001.006.2016198015925_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[13] "MYD11C3.A2014001.006.2016223172712_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[14] "MYD11C3.A2015001.006.2016242200237_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[15] "MYD11C3.A2016001.006.2017032230414_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[16] "MYD11C3.A2017001.006.2018032175447_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"
[17] "MYD11C3.A2018001.006.2019035162351_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif"

数据：

vec = c("MYD11C3.A2003001.006.2015182092934_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif","MYD11C3.A2019001.006.2019035162351_LST_Day_CMG_subregion.tif")

filenames r r rename