问题描述
我有一个来自网络的CSV URL列表,并将它们合并到一个向量中。
现在,我想用read_csv
阅读此列表。
示例:
files <- c("csv_link1.csv","csv_link2.csv","csv_link3.csv",and so on....)
data <- map_dfr(files,read_csv)
这没问题。问题是在CSV文件中,有一些列用不同的值填充。因此,例如,在CSV1中有“ V1”列,该列中填充有双精度字;在CSV中,同一列是“ V1”列,其中填充了字符。合并CSV无效,因为它们是不同的数据类型。
就我而言,我认为有两种解决方案。
- 我只导入某些列,所以我说
read_csv
仅读取列(V2和V3),而不读取V1
或
- 我使用
col_types
将列合并为相同的数据类型
我都尝试过,但是由于语法正确而失败。
我尝试过类似的事情
data <- map_dfr(files,read_csv(cols_only(the col names)))
但是,这不起作用。
如何仅导入和合并特定列?
在我的情况下为具体示例:
library(data.table)
library(readr)
library(purrr)
files <- c("https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1920/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1819/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1718/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1617/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1516/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1415/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1314/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1213/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1112/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1011/EC.csv")
data <- map_dfr(files,read_csv)
Error: Can't combine `BbAH` <character> and `BbAH` <double>.
因此,列BbAH
具有不同的数据类型。但我不需要此专栏。
如果由于这种不同的数据类型问题,我可以选择合并之前合并的列,那将很酷。
解决方法
阅读csvs之后,我们可以select
所需的列,并使用map_df
将它们合并。
library(tidyverse)
result <- map_df(files,~read_csv(.x) %>% select(Date,HomeTeam,AwayTeam,FTHG,FTAG,FTR))
,
由于只需要这七个变量,因此可以使用fread
读取这些特定的变量,以避免BbAH
变量出现问题。
library(data.table)
library(dplyr)
library(purrr)
files <- c("https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1920/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1819/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1718/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1617/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1516/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1415/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1314/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1213/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1112/EC.csv","https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1011/EC.csv")
# Identify columns you need
myColumns = c("Date","Time","HomeTeam","AwayTeam","FTHG","FTAG","FTR")
# Modified function found in https://stackoverflow.com/a/51348578/8535855
# takes a filename and a vector of columns as input
fread_allfiles <- function(file,columns){
x <- fread(file,select = columns) %>%
select(everything()) #
return(x)
}
df_all <- files %>%
map_df(~ fread_allfiles(.,myColumns))
head(df_all)
产生以下格式:
Date Time HomeTeam AwayTeam FTHG FTAG FTR 1: 03/08/2019 12:30 Stockport Maidenhead 0 1 A 2: 03/08/2019 15:00 Aldershot Fylde 1 2 A 3: 03/08/2019 15:00 Barnet Yeovil 1 0 H 4: 03/08/2019 15:00 Chesterfield Dover Athletic 1 2 A 5: 03/08/2019 15:00 Chorley Bromley 0 0 D 6: 03/08/2019 15:00 Dag and Red Woking 0 2 A
然后可以根据需要重新格式化Date
和Time
列。看起来第一个文件上有Time
的任何值吗?因此,其余部分将以NA
> str(df_all)
Classes ‘data.table’ and 'data.frame': 5429 obs. of 7 variables:
$ Date : chr "03/08/2019" "03/08/2019" "03/08/2019" "03/08/2019" ...
$ Time : chr "12:30" "15:00" "15:00" "15:00" ...
$ HomeTeam: chr "Stockport" "Aldershot" "Barnet" "Chesterfield" ...
$ AwayTeam: chr "Maidenhead" "Fylde" "Yeovil" "Dover Athletic" ...
$ FTHG : int 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 ...
$ FTAG : int 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 4 2 3 ...
$ FTR : chr "A" "A" "H" "A" ...
- attr(*,".internal.selfref")=<externalptr>
,
如何?
library(data.table)
library(readr)
rbindlist(lapply(files,read_csv,col_types = "character"))
这会将所有列导入为character
,因此您需要在合并后将它们转换为您最初想要的样子。