在Django 3.1中管理静态文件我的项目结构： local.py：检查元素中的控制台输出：

问题描述

由于删除了import os，所以Django 3.1更新和设置文件中的蜜蜂有所更改。我在Django 3.1上创建了一个新项目，并引用了official documentation来管理静态文件。我还尝试了StackOverflow上的this solution，但对我来说却没有用。

我的项目结构：

.
├── db.sqlite3
├── app
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── views.py
├── project
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings
│   │   ├── base.py
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── local.py
│   │   ├── production.py
│   │   └── __pycache__
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── manage.py
├── static
│   ├── css
│   │   └── main.css
│   └── js
│       └── fullscreen_toggle.js
└── templates

local.py：

import os
from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve(strict=True).parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# Security WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '----secretKey----'

# Security WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['127.0.0.1','0.0.0.0']


# Application deFinition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles',]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware','django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',]

ROOT_URLconf = 'easynotes.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','Dirs': ['templates'],'APP_Dirs': True,'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},]

Wsgi_APPLICATION = 'easynotes.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3','NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',}
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',{
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',{
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',{
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Kolkata'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

APPEND_SLASH = False

# Static files (CSS,JavaScript,Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_Dirs = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),)

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"live-static","static-root")

STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesstorage'

MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"media-root")

检查元素中的控制台输出：

GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/static/js/fullscreen_toggle.js net::ERR_ABORTED 404 (Not Found)

解决方法

首先，如果无法解决问题，则编写此命令“ python manage.py collectstatic”，然后在项目urls.py中添加此行

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

if settings.DEBUG:
urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL,document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL,document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

Django 3.1默认不再使用os来加入其路径。而是切换到pathlib。

这意味着您可以像这样加入文件夹：

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    BASE_DIR / "static",)

MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / "live-static"

现在应该完全不需要import os中的settings.py。

有关3.1新增功能的文档，请参见此处：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/releases/3.1/

但是我也遇到了这个问题，我发现静态文件可以在项目文件夹中时加载，并且STATICFILES_DIRS的定义如下：

STATICFILES_DIRS = (str(BASE_DIR.joinpath('static')),)

尽管我不确定，也许如何定义BASE_DIR还是有问题，它将BASE_DIR视为project文件夹。

settings.py文件末尾的这段代码起到了作用

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
PROJECT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR,'static')
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    BASE_DIR / "static",'/home/fabi/proyectos/butler/static/',#the absolute path to your static fil
]

在 settings.py 文件的顶部快速修复这个导入操作系统

然而，另一种方法可能是了解有关 pathlib 如何工作的更多信息，并更新您的 BASE_DIR、DATABASES、STATICFILES_DIRS 和其他文件以使用更新的现代方法。如果您是 Django 新手并且工作正常，第一种方法会更好

django django django-3.1 django-staticfiles python