如何在C#9中复制/克隆记录?

问题描述

C# 9 records feature specification包括以下内容:

记录类型包含两个复制成员:

使用记录类型的单个参数的构造函数。它是 称为“复制构造函数”。综合公众 具有编译器保留名称的无参数实例“克隆”方法

但是我似乎无法称呼这两个复制成员中的一个:

public record R(int A);
// ...
var r2 = new R(r); // ERROR: inaccessible due to protection level
var r3 = r.Clone(); // ERROR: R does not contain a definition for Clone

据此,我知道构造函数受到保护,因此无法在记录的继承层次结构之外进行访问。这样我们就剩下了这样的代码:

var r4 = r with { };

但是克隆呢?根据上面的说明,克隆方法是公开的。但是它叫什么名字呢?还是它是一个有效的随机字符串,因此不应在记录的继承层次结构之外调用它?如果是这样,深度复制记录的正确方法是什么?从规范看来,一个人能够创建自己的克隆方法。是这样吗,它将是如何工作的一个例子?

解决方法

但是克隆呢?

var r4 = r with { };

在r上执行浅表克隆。

根据上述规范,克隆方法是公共的。但是它叫什么名字?

C#编译器有一个相当普遍的技巧,它可以为生成的成员提供在C#中非法但在IL中合法的成员名称,因此,即使它们是公共的,也只能从编译器中调用它们。在这种情况下,Clone方法的名称为<Clone>$

如果是这样,深度复制记录的正确方法是什么?

深复制使您不走运。但是,由于记录在理想情况下应该是不变的,因此,浅表副本,深表副本和原始实例在实践上应该没有区别。

从规范看来,一个人可以创建自己的克隆方法。是这样吗,它将是如何工作的一个例子?

不幸的是,这并没有降到C#9,但是很有可能会出现在C#10中。

,

关于记录的克隆,是的,看来/* REF https://stackoverflow.com/a/49575979 */ /* REF https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26607330/css-display-none-and-opacity-animation-with-keyframes-not-working/64857102#64857102 */ body,html { /* eye candy */ background: #444; display: flex; min-height: 100vh; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } button { font-size: 4em; border-radius: 20px; margin-left: 60px;} div { /* eye candy */ width: 200px; height: 100px; border-radius: 20px; background: green; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 2em; color: white; text-align: center; text-shadow: 0px 2px 4px rgba(0,.6); } /* using this extra .active class prevents that there is an animation already on loading */ .active { animation: fadeAndHideBack 1s linear forwards; } .play { opacity: 0; /* learning curve: setting background "awaits" animation finish,setting scale prematurely jumps to it,then doing animation from there */ animation: fadeAndHide 1s linear forwards; } @keyframes fadeAndHide { 0% { opacity: 1; } 99.9% { opacity: 0; max-height: 100px; } 100% { opacity: 0; max-height: 0; } } @keyframes fadeAndHideBack { 0% { opacity: 0; max-height: 0; } 0.1% { opacity: 0; max-height: 100px; } 100% { opacity: 1; } }将为您创建一个深层克隆,如下例所示:

记录示例:

<div class="target"></div>
<button onclick="toggleTarget()">
  Toggle
</button>

输出:

with

此外,如我们所见,如果我们明确声明了记录属性,那么我们还可以更改记录属性的开箱即用的不变性。我们也可以编写自己的构造函数。

如果我们对一个普通的类进行上述操作,则副本将是预期的浅表克隆。

课程示例:

using System;
                    
public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var person1 = new Person
        {
            Hair = "brown",Skin = "tawny"
        };
        
        var inhabitant1 = new Inhabitant
        {
            Name = "Moreno",Profile = person1
        };
        var inhabitant2 = new Inhabitant
        {
            Name = "Branquinho",Profile = inhabitant1.Profile with { Skin = "sparkle" }
        };
        
        Console.WriteLine("--- Brown,Tawny ---");
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant1.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant2.ToString());
        
        inhabitant1.Profile.Hair = "painted";
        
        Console.WriteLine("\n--- Painted,Tawny ---");
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant1.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant2.ToString());
        
        inhabitant2.Profile.Skin = "sunburn";
        
        Console.WriteLine("\n--- Painted,Tawny ---");
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant1.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant2.ToString());
        
        person1.Skin = "green";
        person1.Hair = "green";
        
        Console.WriteLine("\n--- Green,Green ---");
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant1.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant2.ToString());
        
        inhabitant1.Profile = new Person
        {
            Skin = "blue",Hair = "blue"
        };
        
        Console.WriteLine("\n--- Blue,Blue ---");
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant1.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine(inhabitant2.ToString());
        
        
    }
    
    public record Inhabitant()
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public Person Profile { get; set; }
    }
    
    public record Person()
    {
        public string Hair { get; set; }
        public string Skin { get; set; }
    }
}

输出:

--- Brown,Tawny ---
Inhabitant { Name = Moreno,Profile = Person { Hair = brown,Skin = tawny } }
Inhabitant { Name = Branquinho,Skin = sparkle } }

--- Painted,Profile = Person { Hair = painted,Skin = sunburn } }

--- Green,Green ---
Inhabitant { Name = Moreno,Profile = Person { Hair = green,Skin = green } }
Inhabitant { Name = Branquinho,Skin = sunburn } }

--- Blue,Blue ---
Inhabitant { Name = Moreno,Profile = Person { Hair = blue,Skin = blue } }
Inhabitant { Name = Branquinho,Skin = sunburn } }

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